DSV (United Kingdom)

Abstract Multiple studies have identified genes affecting grain morphology, yet their capacity to deliver yield gains under field conditions remains unclear. We performed a multiyear, multilocation factorial evaluation of GRAIN WIDTH2 ( TaGW2 ) mutants in hexaploid wheat using BC 4 near-isogenic lines, sowing-density treatments and semi-dwarfing RHT1 backgrounds. Loss-of-function mutations in TaGW2 increased grain size and thousand grain weight (TGW) additively; with the aaBBDD single mutant showing the most stable singlelocus effect, while the aabbdd triple mutant achieved ~20% higher TGW across twelve field trials. However, overall grain yield remained unchanged or slightly reduced, reflecting a compensatory trade-off with grain number. Spike phenotyping of both main and secondary tillers showed comparable increases in TGW and spike yield despite fewer grains per spike, indicating that limited yield gain primarily reflects reduced spike number per unit area rather than decreased spike-level productivity. Effects were stable across sowing densities, whereas interactions with semi-dwarfing alleles were allele-specific: RHT-B1b partially suppressed TGW gains and accentuated yield penalties, whereas RHT-D1b maintained the large-grain phenotype and productivity. Across experiments, the TaGW2-A1D1 double mutant increased TGW (~14%) while maintaining yield stability, identifying it as a promising genotype for breeding. We conclude that TaGW2 is a reliable modifier of grain size but not yield in isolation.

Sustainability management requires differentiated information on the environmental and economic consequences of material demand’s increasing and decreasing factors. Material flow cost accounting fails to provide this information due to the common undifferentiated determination of realized costs of material and product losses and, therefore, the lack of a production theoretical basis for cost planning. We develop a material flow model considering the impacts of waste and reject as material demand increasing factors and reworking and recycling as material demand decreasing factors at the company, quantity center, and product unit levels. This enables designing a material flow cost accounting system with specific cost information on the different factors at each level. We also analyze the consequences of the material distribution key and possible alternatives for allocating costs in material flow cost accounting. Finally, we discuss further development opportunities for this accounting system.

OBJECTIVE:Motion-robust multi-slab imaging of hippocampal inner structure in vivo at 7T.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Motion is a crucial issue for ultra-high resolution imaging, such as can be achieved with 7T MRI. An acquisition protocol was designed for imaging hippocampal inner structure at 7T. It relies on a compromise between anatomical details visibility and robustness to motion. In order to reduce acquisition time and motion artifacts, the full slab covering the hippocampus was split into separate slabs with lower acquisition time. A robust registration approach was implemented to combine the acquired slabs within a final 3D-consistent high-resolution slab covering the whole hippocampus. Evaluation was performed on 50 subjects overall, made of three groups of subjects acquired using three acquisition settings; it focused on three issues: visibility of hippocampal inner structure, robustness to motion artifacts and registration procedure performance.RESULTS:Overall, T2-weighted acquisitions with interleaved slabs proved robust. Multi-slab registration yielded high quality datasets in 96 % of the subjects, thus compatible with further analyses of hippocampal inner structure.CONCLUSION:Multi-slab acquisition and registration setting is efficient for reducing acquisition time and consequently motion artifacts for ultra-high resolution imaging of the inner structure of the hippocampus.

As nucleic acid sequencing technologies become faster and less expensive, whole genome sequences are increasingly available. Advances in sequencing have enhanced our ability to detect potential bacterial bioterrorism agents and to predict biomarkers for yet uncharacterized or man-made pathogens. However, speed and ease of access are no substitute for accuracy. Indeed, errors in both structural and functional annotations of genomes are still frequent. Proteogenomics, in which proteomic data complements genomic sequencing to correct errors and improve gene annotation, has already been performed on several bacteria on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention list of bioterrorism agents, revealing non-negligible errors that could hinder the detection of known strains and be propagated in emerging strains whose sequencing and annotation depend on similarities with known sequences. In this chapter, we review the fundamentals of proteogenomics, its application in the prevention of bioterrorism and protection of public health, specific techniques for future development, and the confidence that should be afforded to resulting sequences.

As neuroimaging databases grow in size and complexity, the time researchers spend investigating and managing the data increases to the expense of data analysis. As a result, investigators rely more and more heavily on scripting using high-level languages to automate data management and processing tasks. For this, a structured and programmatic access to the data store is necessary. Web services are a first step toward this goal. They however lack in functionality and ease of use because they provide only low-level interfaces to databases. We introduce here PyXNAT, a Python module that interacts with The Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit (XNAT) through native Python calls across multiple operating systems. The choice of Python enables PyXNAT to expose the XNAT Web Services and unify their features with a higher level and more expressive language. PyXNAT provides XNAT users direct access to all the scientific packages in Python. Finally PyXNAT aims to be efficient and easy to use, both as a back-end library to build XNAT clients and as an alternative front-end from the command line.

Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 14, Issue S5 p. 65-69 Perioperative care of mares subjected to caesarean section. Part 1: Anaesthesia G. M. Johnston, G. M. Johnston Vetstream Ltd, Three Hills Farm, Bartlow, Cambridge CB1 6ENSearch for more papers by this authorP. M. Taylor, P. M. Taylor Gravelhead Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB6 2TY, UK.Search for more papers by this author G. M. Johnston, G. M. Johnston Vetstream Ltd, Three Hills Farm, Bartlow, Cambridge CB1 6ENSearch for more papers by this authorP. M. Taylor, P. M. Taylor Gravelhead Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB6 2TY, UK.Search for more papers by this author First published: 10 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2002.tb01796.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume14, IssueS5December 2002Pages 65-69 RelatedInformation