Dabur (India)

Prodrug-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a versatile and promising strategy for overcoming limitations associated with conventional drug formulations, such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, off-target effects, and systemic toxicity. By temporarily modifying active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), prodrugs can be engineered to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles. This review aims to critically evaluate the current advancements, challenges, and future directions in prodrug design and delivery, with a focus on strategies that enhance pharmacokinetics, target specificity, and controlled release. Emphasis was placed on studies published over the last decade that discuss innovative prodrug approaches, delivery systems, and nanotechnology applications in drug delivery. The review categorizes prodrug strategies into two major domains: (1) chemical modification, involving covalent linkage of functional groups to alter solubility, lipophilicity, and metabolic stability, and (2) carrier-mediated delivery, employing nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and micelles to improve targeted delivery and minimize systemic exposure. While significant progress has been made, critical issues persist-such as prodrug instability, premature release, and potential toxicity. Recent innovations including rational linker design, stimuli-responsive systems, and surface-functionalized carriers have shown promise in overcoming these limitations. Prodrug-based systems have significantly advanced the field of drug delivery by enabling targeted and controlled therapeutic interventions. However, optimization of prodrug activation mechanisms and mitigation of undesired off-target effects remain ongoing challenges. Advances in prodrug design are increasingly supported by technologies such as computationally guided molecular optimization, microfluidic platforms for high-throughput screening, and the development of biomaterials with stimulus-responsive functionalities, all of which are anticipated to play a significant role in shaping the next generation of prodrug-based delivery system. Future research should focus on translational approaches that bridge laboratory success with clinical applicability.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroscience have a long history of working together. The daily social and economic activities are supported by artificial intelligence (AI), which is a significant piece of technology. One of today's most hotly disputed topics is artificial intelligence (AI), and there doesn't seem to be much agreement on how human and artificial intelligence vary and overlap. Discussions on a variety of relevant subjects, including ethics, healthcare, agriculture, education, and trustworthiness, are marked by implicit anthropocentric and anthropomorphic assumptions. It significantly supports Japan's economy's sustainable growth and provides solutions to a number of societal issues. AI has gained attention recently as a means of fostering growth in both industrialized nations like the United States and Europe as well as developing nations like China and India. Deep neural networks (DNNs), which have grown to be potent and common tools to simulate human cognition and frequently generate similar behaviours, can also be described as AI. DNNs appear to categories real-world images in the same way as people do, for instance, thanks to their hierarchical, brain-inspired organization of computations. Deep neural networks (DNNs), a subset of the larger machine learning family, are becoming more and more effective in commonplace real-world applications like automated face recognition and self-driving automobiles. The School of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Glasgow has recently published new research in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences that takes an approach to understanding whether the human brain and its DNN models recognize things in the same way, using comparable steps of computation.

<strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance:</strong> The growing demand for medicinal plants and their products has led to safety and efficacy concerns. The evaluation of herbal medicines, registration and regulation are important challenges to their safety and efficacy. The provisions for synthetic drugs do not apply to ayurvedic-based herbal products. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism for ensuring the quality of herbal medicines has become a top priority for Indian drug regulators and drug manufacturers. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to identify and characterise the different features of Ayurveda-related government policies and efforts. AYUSH and CDSCO design and establish regulations for the development of phytopharmaceutical drugs as necessary, utilizing botanical-based medications that have a long history but have thus far lacked adequate documentation. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a review of the literature on Ayurveda's history, principles, and current status. We have presented the data in a systematic manner that includes all of the initiatives brought forth by the Indian government. To conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis, we went through various reports, policies, and ancient Ayurvedic texts, and consulted AYUSH-related websites, such as those run by the Ministry of AYUSH. <strong>Results:</strong> The Ministry's objective is to elevate AYUSH systems to the forefront of living and practise, and to make AYUSH methods the preferred method for achieving a healthy nation. The newer class of drugs allows the development of drugs through advanced solvent extraction, fractionation, modern formulation and pharmacokinetics, etc. Conclusion: The promotion and development of Ayurveda is being actively pursued by the government through its policies. The present commentary is designed to highlight core and assembled information on the regulatory requirement in contrast to the new category phytopharmaceuticals under AYUSH. Phytopharmaceuticals may be a balanced approach with guidelines in the United States of America, China, and other countries connecting scientific validation and data generation, including revalidation of AYUSH-regulated product specifications.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The growing demand for medicinal plants and their products has led to safety and efficacy concerns. The evaluation of herbal medicines, registration and regulation are important challenges to their safety and efficacy. The provisions for synthetic drugs do not apply to ayurvedic-based herbal products. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism for ensuring the quality of herbal medicines has become a top priority for Indian drug regulators and drug manufacturers. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to identify and characterise the different features of Ayurveda-related government policies and efforts. AYUSH and CDSCO design and establish regulations for the development of phytopharmaceutical drugs as necessary, utilizing botanical-based medications that have a long history but have thus far lacked adequate documentation. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature on Ayurveda's history, principles, and current status. We have presented the data in a systematic manner that includes all of the initiatives brought forth by the Indian government. To conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis, we went through various reports, policies, and ancient Ayurvedic texts, and consulted AYUSH-related websites, such as those run by the Ministry of AYUSH. Results: The Ministry's objective is to elevate AYUSH systems to the forefront of living and practise, and to make AYUSH methods the preferred method for achieving a healthy nation. The newer class of drugs allows the development of drugs through advanced solvent extraction, fractionation, modern formulation and pharmacokinetics, etc. Conclusion: The promotion and development of Ayurveda is being actively pursued by the government through its policies. The present commentary is designed to highlight core and assembled information on the regulatory requirement in contrast to the new category phytopharmaceuticals under AYUSH. Phytopharmaceuticals may be a balanced approach with guidelines in the United States of America, China, and other countries connecting scientific validation and data generation, including revalidation of AYUSH-regulated product specifications.

In the recent years demand of the medicinal and aromatic plants has grown rapidly because of accelerated national and international industrial interest on herbal and Ayurvedic products. Due to this increasing consumption and continued unsustainable collection from the wild habitats and dwindling cultivation practices, numerous high altitude medicinal plants are now on verge of extinction from the wild sources. Variable price status, production limitations, biodiversity rules &amp;regulations and lack of trust among supply chain are preventing producers from taking up continued cultivation practices. Inula racemosa Hk.f. is one of them which belong to family Asteraceae locally known as Manuand traded as Pushkarmool. It is a rare perennial alpine herb having restricted wild habitats in India. Pushkarmool is widely used in traditional codified and non-codified medicines in India and Tibet.The species take two to three years for producing its yields as root parts for the Ayurvedic medicine and there is no sustainable way, harvesting practices for the conservation of this species. The present study explained steps followed by the private and public partnership. It is a case study which was started in the years 2007-08 by the LMS (Lahaul Medicinal Plant Society) and Dabur India Limited has jointly put the joint efforts to bring Pushkarmool under commercial cultivation. The LMS had played a key role in coordinating and mobilizing the self-help groups (SHGs), government and non-government organization and other institutions in the district Lahaul &amp; Spiti to help privileged local farmers to link up with reliable markets of the raw material with a tie up with Dabur India Ltd, New Delhi. We can promote the cultivation of such medicinal plants by involving the local farmers and bringing these under cultivation which not only helps the conservation of the species, but this has also helped to provide the extra income to the local and native farmers and play a critical role in enhancing their livelihood. The study may be considered as test case for successful conservation by bringing species domestication for the commercial cultivation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to modify the USP analytical method and validate it for the estimation of clotrimazole in health care cream by using reverse phase HPLC. Methods: LC-20AD liquid chromatography equipped with SPD-20A UV-VIS detector was used for analysis. The separation was done on C18 column which was attached with loop 20 μL. Mobile phase was consisting of methanol: K2HPO4 (85:15) and flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Results: The method is selective and reproducible, capable to separate all possible excipients and help to quantify accurately the amount of clotrimazole in health care product. The percentage coefficient variation (% CV) of the retention times and the peak areas were 0.504% and 1.453%, respectively. The linearity was evaluated by least square method i.e., r2=0.9996. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for clotrimazole were 0.25 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL respectively. The results of Instrumental precision were 103.5% with %CV of 0.612% and the intermediate precision was 0.35 to 1.43%. The recoveries at three concentrations levels over a range of 80 - 120% were found within the range of 101.2 to 103.8% as per ICH guidelines. The results of robustness show no major changes occurring over changes in flow rate from 1.4 mL/min. to 1.6 mL/min. The method was also applied for the analysis of clotrimazole in formulated health care cream and marketed pharmaceutical creams that contain clotrimazole. Conclusion: It was concluded that the method is so simple, easy and applicable. It could be easily used for the analysis of compound in its dosage form. The robustness and ruggedness of the method are significantly broader, reproducible and could be adjusted according the needs.

The present study reports on the antifilarial activity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles encapsulated ivermectin (nano-IVM) against human lymphatic filariid Brugia malayi in rodent host Mastomys coucha. Nano-IVM was prepared and optimized by nanoprecipitation method. The selected nano-IVM (F5) showed a uniform spherical shape with 96 nm diameter and 74.12 % entrapment efficiency, and when used at a suboptimal dose of 100 μg/kg body weight, completely eliminated filarial parasites from systemic circulation on 60 days post-infection in animals inflicted with B. malayi. In contrast, the coadministration of nano-IVM (F5) along with standard filaricide diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was found to be competent enough to suppress microfilarial stage of parasites and successfully eliminated microfilaria at 45 days posttreatment. However, the free form of both the drugs alone or in combination was unable to impart such suppression and followed by recurrence of the infection. Interestingly, nano-IVM (F5) was also found to be effective against adult stage parasites causing 36.67 % worm mortality and 75.89 % in combination with DEC; however, female sterilization remain almost similar. Thus, the combination of entrapped IVM with DEC exhibited enhanced microfilaricidal and marginally better macrofilaricidal efficacy than any of the single formulation or drugs combination.

A new, simple, sensitive, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis of berberine in crude plant material, herbal extract, and ayurvedic dosage forms was developed and validated. The stationary phase was inert sil C18 column The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (HPLC Grade) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) in a gradient flow was used.The column was equilibrated with the mobile phase (flow rate 1.0 ml/min); elution was monitored at 346 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship, with r2= 0.9942 in the concentration range of 16380–30420 μg/ml with respect to the peak area. The method was validated for specificity, precision, recovery, and linearity according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of berberine.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the fetomaternal outcome in hemolytic anemia.Method: This study was an observational longitudinal study.Patients with hemolytic anemia were recruited from the antenatal clinic.Routine and special hematological investigations pertaining to hemolytic anemia were done.Blood was transfused with the aim to keep the Hb at 8 gm/dl or above.Maternal and fetal complications were studied.Results: Pallor was the most consistently associated clinical feature in 29 of 37 cases (78%).The most common fetal complication in this study was low birth weight seen in 27 out of 37 cases (73%).Amongst the maternal complications, there were three cases of postpartum hemorrhage and two cases of wound infections. Conclusion:With regular antenatal care, adequate blood transfusion and efficient supervision from the hematology unit, the prognosis of pregnancy in hemolytic disease is not as grave as it was in the past.Expectation to have a family is an important aspiration for a better quality of life for the women with hemolytic anemia.