Dagestan State Institute of National Economy

This study reconstructs the trade relations between the Kumyk territories and the Russian Empire during the second half of the eighteenth century, utilizing archival materials from the Central State Archives of the Republic of Dagestan, specifically Collection No. 379, “Kizlyar Commandant.” The exploration of trade and economic interactions between the Russian Empire and the peoples of the North Caucasus remains a central focus within Russian Caucasus studies. Although existing scholarship has primarily addressed Russian trade and economic relations with the region in broad terms, detailed analyses of interactions with specific ethnic groups, such as the Kumyks, remain limited. This article seeks to address this scholarly gap. Employing both historical and logical research methodologies, the study ensures an objective and rigorous examination of Russian-Kumyk trade relations in their historical development. The historical method facilitates a reliable reconstruction of these relations, while the logical method enables the formulation of conclusions and generalizations. The analysis reveals that, by the second half of the eighteenth century, Russian-Kumyk trade relations had evolved to a qualitatively new stage, laying the groundwork for the Kumyk territories’ incorporation into the Russian Empire. The study concludes that: first, the integration of Kumyk polities into the Russian Empire was significantly driven by robust Russian-Kumyk trade ties and the alignment of their economic interests; second, the incorporation of the Kumyk territories into the Russian economic sphere substantially enhanced the region’s economic vitality, elevating it to a new developmental level; and third, through strategic and pragmatic economic engagement with the Kumyk polities, Russia not only solidified its economic influence in the region but also initiated political penetration, ultimately leading to Dagestan’s complete integration into the Russian Empire. Close trade connections between the Kumyk polities and Russia played a pivotal role in fostering the irreversible trend toward integration into Russia’s economic, political, and cultural spheres.

Objective. Substantiation of the expediency of using the proposed methodology for the formation of evaluation materials in the training of IT specialists in the field of programming, followed by its use within the framework of traditional and distance learning technologies in the higher education system. Method. The research methods include: analysis of evaluation materials; methods based on algorithms for decomposing the program code proposed for solving the problem; methods for analyzing data from open sources, methods for analyzing algorithms and data structures. A competency-based approach is used as an alternative to the classical approach, which uses categories of knowledge acquisition. Result. The possibility of using test tasks as traditional ones, as well as tasks in the form of cases, is substantiated. A proven approach to differentiating case programming tasks by level of complexity is proposed, which provides for gradation into three levels. Conclusion. Testing of the methodology has shown its effectiveness in assessing the level of preparedness of students in the field of programming, both in traditional and distance learning.

This paper aims at determining challenges, substantiating perspectives, and developing recommendations for improving the economic policy in Russia's agro-industrial complex and agriculture in the age of intellectual machines. The research results show that challenges for the economic policy in Russia's agro-industrial complex and agriculture in the age of intellectual machines are connected to mismatch between the priority of the components of the digital economy and the proportions of their development in 2019. The perspectives of improving the economic policy in Russia's agro-industrial complex and agriculture in the age of intellectual machines are connected to overcoming the determined disproportion and stimulating the development of the digital economy's components according to their priority. Originality of this research consists in empirical study of the perspectives of development of agro-industrial complex and agriculture based on intellectual machines and development of the practice-oriented recommendations for economic policy in the sphere of food security.

The purpose of this article is to study the place of Neolithic ceramics of the Chokh settlement among the cultural and technological traditions of the Neolithic ceramics of the Caucasus, as well as its role in the formation of ceramic production of Central Dagestan. In this regard, in the course of this work, using technological, photographic, XRD and spherulite analyzes, a comparative study of Neolithic ceramics from Chokh settlement was carried out with products from the closest Neolithic settlement of Transcaucasia – Göytepe, located in the middle reaches of the Kura River, as well as with later ceramic materials from the Chalcolitic and Bronse Age periods of Central Dagestan. The analysis of Neolithic ceramics from the Chokh settlement, on the one hand, showed that it is entirely an item of local production, which is determined by the characteristics of the raw materials, and the admixture of grog in the pottery paste. On the other hand, connections with one of the types of Transcaucasian ceramics from the settlements of the early 6-th millennium BCE, Haci Elamxanli Tepe and Gadachrili Gora – products with mineral admixture and, possibly, dung in the pottery paste, fired mostly in reducing atmosphere with applique buttons on the surface are presumably recorded. This type continued to exist in later Göytepe materials with some changes. Further, in the pottery production of Central Dagestan during the Chalcolitic – Bronze Age period, on the one hand, we can talk about the gradual development – the replacement of mineral admixtures, the appearance of polishing tradition and improvement of firing conditions.

Objective: to compare of 24-hour monitoring and one-time measurement arterial stiffness in patients with bronchial asthma.Materials and methods: Tthe study included 100 patients with bronchial asthma. All patients underwent 24-hour monitoring and one-time measurement arterial stiffness parameters. At the same time vascular stiffness indicators were examined: pulse wave velocity in the aorta, augmentation index, arterial stiffness index.Results: Iin the patients with asthma were found to increased 24-hour arterial stiffness. Results of 24-hour monitoring arterial stiffness more than one-time measurement.Conclusions: 24-hour monitoring arterial stiffness more informative than one-time measurement.

Subject. The article deals with theoretical aspects of economic security. Objectives. The aim is to develop an original definition of the concept of "economic security in the context of digitalization". Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods. Results. We decomposed definitions of the concept of "economic security" presented in scientific literature, considered the impact of digitalization process on economic security. The paper determined that economic security in the context of digitalization is a condition of protection of the socio-economic system by institutions of the State and civil society, in the face of opportunities and threats, often of a digital nature. Conclusions. Currently, the role of digital platforms in economic security is increasing.

Relevance of the chosen research topic. In the context of an anti-Russian sanctions policy, a change in the focus of the domestic economy on the military-industrial complex and, in connection with this, limited budgets at different levels, it is important to use such an instrument for regulating relations between the state and private business as a public-private partnership. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to explore public-private partnerships in Russia, and, in particular, the regions of the North Caucasus by conducting an assessment, identifying limiting barriers and identifying priority areas for the development of this mechanism. The methodology is based on the use of empirical research methods (comparison, factor analysis), as well as theoretical research (systematization, generalization, analogy, synthesis). The results of the study include the presentation of a comprehensive assessment of the mechanism of public-private partnerships in the Russian Federation and in the regions of the North Caucasus. Key problems in the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the North Caucasus Federal District have been identified: the low level of development of PPP at the municipal level in the macroregion, insufficient support of the federal center (development institutions) in the implementation of infrastructure projects, difficulties in resolving land issues between regional authorities, authorities local government and the local population. Solutions have been proposed and promising directions for the development of the institution of public-private partnership in the region have been identified: adopt a regulation on the procedure for concluding public-private partnership projects in a city district (municipal area), create a project office (center for the development of PPP projects) in the authorized executive body in charge of the state policies in the field of PPP, etc. The proposed measures can give impetus to the development of a public-private partnership mechanism in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District.

This paper aims at determining the models of economic growth of Russia's regions in the age of intellectual machines from the positions of consequences of digitalisation in the form of technological breakthrough, stability, and sustainability. By the example of Russia's regions, we determine the models of regions' economic growth in the age of intellectual machines from the positions of opposition of technological breakthrough, stability, and sustainability. It is proved - based on the 2020 official statistics - that the leading and rapidly developing countries (rockets) implement a socio-oriented model, regions with large potential of development (racers) - externally-oriented model, and progressive regions with slow development (parachutists) - technology-oriented model. Contribution of the developed recommendations consists in systematisation of the models of region's economic growth in the age of intellectual machines and in the opportunity for application of the offered recommendations in the practice of Russia's regions.

The purpose of this article is to study the challenges to management of innovations and digitalisation in the age of intellectual machines and to develop an alternative approach to implementation of the economic policy in the sphere of modernisation in the modern regions by the example of Russian regions. Originality of this research consists in refusal from the traditional generalisation of innovations and digitalisation as the sources of modernisation. Instead of this, here innovations and digitalisation are differentiation in view of not only commercial effectiveness (for a company implementing them) but also of the consequences for a region in the age of intellectual machines. It is proved (by the example of Russian regions) that consequences of digitalisation and innovations for society, state, entrepreneurship, and environment are different. The importance of the obtained conclusions for economic policy consists in the study of its new challenges in the age of intellectual machines.