Danaher (Germany)

Three members of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to Russula subsection Castanopsidum are described from neotropical montane forests dominated by species of Fagaceae in Panama and Colombia. Russula esperanzae sp. nov. from Colombia differs in the field from other members of the subsection by slender longitudinally striated red stipes as well as characteristics of spores and basidia. Russula atroamethystina subsp. atroamethystina, originally described from Costa Rica, is reported for the first time from Panama. Closely related and morphologically similar Colombian collections are described as R. atroamethystina subsp. guacahayoensis subsp. nov. and differ from the typical subspecies by longer hymenial cystidia as well as molecular sequence data. The distribution of this newly described subspecies is restricted to Fagaceae forests east of the Isthmus of Panama. This suggests an allopatric diversification, likely driven by the absence of Fagaceae in the tropical lowland forest of the Darién Gap. Russula esperanzae is exclusively associated with Trigonobalanus excelsa, a tree species of Fagaceae endemic to Colombia. The role of its association with this tree in the evolutionary history of the species is discussed. Based on molecular timing, species of the subsection Castanopsidum started to evolve approximately 15.1 M years ago (mya) and display an amphi-pacific disjunct distribution with an Asian clade that split from the American clade around 11 mya. Citation: Manz C, Ortiz-Suárez A, Adamčíková K, Looney B, Noffsinger CR, Caboň M, Hampe F, Piepenbring M, Hofmann T, Buyck B, Parra-Aldana CA, Adamčík S, Corrales A (2025). Recent taxonomic discoveries suggest a host-symbiont co-migration of Russula subsect. Castanopsidum with Fagaceae in the Americas. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 16: 181-195. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.16.10.

Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide. Nevertheless, their diversity in the tropics is still poorly known. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of Russula species classified in subsection Roseinae based on specimens recently collected in tropical montane rainforests in western Panama. A five gene multilocus phylogeny based on the nuclear markers ITS nrDNA, MCM7, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1α was constructed to identify the systematic position of 22 collections from Panama. Four new species, Russula cornicolor, Russula cynorhodon, Russula oreomunneae and Russula zephyrovelutipes are formally described and illustrated. None of the four species are sister species and they are more closely related to North American or Asian species. Two of the newly described species were associated with the ectomycorrhizal tree species Oreomunnea mexicana, while the other two species were associated with Quercus species. All four species are so far only known from mountains in western Panama.

Article Georg-Philipp Schietinger (Hrsg.), Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege. Beiträge der Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014. (Pharos. Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike, Bd. 43.) Rahden, Westfalen, Leidorf 2019 was published on June 1, 2021 in the journal Historische Zeitschrift (volume 312, issue 3).

Abstract Background Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) using edge-to-edge leaflet therapy (E2E) has evolved as a feasible therapy to treating severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The TRILUMINATE trial using the new TriClip NT has shown promising clinical and functional improvements. However, the 3rd generation MitraClip XTr (Abbott Structural Heart, Santa Clara, CA, USA) has a broad off-label experience in the European Union to address tricuspid TR with wider gaps. There is insufficient data on the secondary effects of E2E on tricuspid annular geometry. The aim of this study was to address this lack of knowledge by evaluating the acute effects of E2E using the MitraClip XTr. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the imaging data of procedures using the MitraClip XTr to treat severe symptomatic TR at our Institution in 2018. Tricuspid annular geometry was assessed before and immediately after clip implantation by 3D TEE analysis of biplane and manual and automated volume data. Results During 2018, 69 patients were treated for severe TR using a transcatheter approach. In 61 patients, E2E was used, in 58 patients the MitraClip XTr was utilized (Pascal: n=3, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA). Mean age was 79.0 years ± 6.4. Percutaneous TTVR using the MitraClip XTr significantly decreased the diastolic septal-lateral diameter (S/L: 4.1±0.7cm vs. 3.6±0.7cm; p<0.001), annulus area (14.9±6.7 vs. 12.8±6.2 cm2; p<0.001) and annulus perimeter (14.7±25.0 vs. 13.8±24.4 cm; p<0.001) whereas the diastolic anterior-posterior diameter was not significantly affected (A/P: 4.5±1cm vs. 4.4±0.8cm; p=0,45). Conclusions Percutaneous TTVR using MitraClip XTr showed significant changes in TV annulus geometry by focal perimeter and area reduction. This highlights a new mechanism of E2E therapy through indirectly adressing the dilated annulus in patients with severe TR. Annulus geometry by TOE, 3D- and autoMPR Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Mukoviszidose (zystische Fibrose, CF) ist eine der haufigsten autosomal-rezessiv vererbten Erkrankungen der kaukasischen Bevolkerung. Der genetische Defekt im CFTR-Gen fuhrt zu einer Verringerung des Chloridionentransports an der Zellmembran. Die resultierende Dehydrierung des epithelialen Flussigkeitsfilms bedingt ihrerseits eine Reduktion der Sekret-Clearance. Die Folge ist eine Multiorganerkrankung. Die pulmonale Manifestation mit chronischen Infektionen und der Inflammation ist hierbei die dominierende Todesursache. Akute und chronische Infektion mit Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) konnen zu einem Abfall in der Lungenfunktion fuhren und sich direkt negativ auf die Uberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit auswirken. Die Entwicklung der ersten klinischen S3-Leitlinie fur die Mukoviszidose hat das Ziel, die Diagnostik und Therapie bei einem ersten Nachweis von PA in Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz zu vereinheitlichen und zu optimieren. Zugleich sollen Impulse fur weitere Forschungsaktivitaten und Leitlinienentwicklungen gegeben werden. Auf der Grundlage eines Cochrane-Reviews wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche im Zeitraum von 1995 bis November 2011 (Update September 2014) durchgefuhrt. Von den 286 resultierenden Originalarbeiten wurden 6 randomisierte klinische Studien und 8 weitere Eradikationsstudien niedrigerer Evidenz als relevant identifiziert und ausgewertet. Experten aus 13 wissenschaftlich-medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Verbanden pruften anhand dieser Originalarbeiten und unter Zuhilfenahme von nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Konsensuspapieren die Evidenz als Grundlage fur die Formulierung von 36 Empfehlungen in einem nominalen Gruppenprozess. Die Auswertung der Eradikationsstudien zeigt, dass eine fruhe antibiotische Eradikationstherapie fur Patienten mit CF effektiv ist. Welches Therapieregime am erfolgversprechendsten ist, kann aufgrund von zu wenigen Daten aus vergleichenden Untersuchungen nicht entschieden werden. Nach Auswertung aller Hinweise konnten jedoch die folgenden Kernempfehlungen getroffen werden: Die fruhe Eradikation sollte mittels Tobramycin inhalativ fur 4 Wochen oder mittels Ciprofloxacin p.o., kombiniert mit Colistin inhalativ uber 3 Wochen, durchgefuhrt werden. Fur den Fall, dass eine Inhalation nicht moglich ist, sollte eine i.v.-Kombinationstherapie als Moglichkeit in Betracht gezogen werden. Falls eine Therapie mit inhalativen und oralen Antibiotika nicht zur Eradikation fuhrt, sollte eine Kombinationstherapie aus i.v.-Antibiotika und inhalativem Colistin durchgefuhrt werden. Bei einer pulmonalen Exazerbation und erstem Nachweis von PA wird eine sequenzielle Kombination aus i.v.- und inhalativem Antibiotikum empfohlen. Die fruhe Eradikationstherapie von PA bei Mukoviszidose ist effektiv und kann nach der vorliegenden Leitlinie durchgefuhrt werden. Es konnte in den vorliegenden Studien keine Uberlegenheit eines Therapieregimes gezeigt werden. Weitere vergleichende sowie Studien zur Beteiligung der oberen Atemwege sollten in Zukunft durchgefuhrt werden.

BackgroundStudies in mouse, Xenopus and chicken have shown that Otx2 and Gbx2 expression domains are fundamental for positioning the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) organizer. Of the two zebrafish gbx genes, gbx1 is a likely candidate to participate in this event because its early expression is similar to that reported for Gbx2 in other species. Zebrafish gbx2, on the other hand, acts relatively late at the MHB. To investigate the function of zebrafish gbx1 within the early neural plate, we used a combination of gain- and loss-of-function experiments.ResultsWe found that ectopic gbx1 expression in the anterior neural plate reduces forebrain and midbrain, represses otx2 expression and repositions the MHB to a more anterior position at the new gbx1/otx2 border. In the case of gbx1 loss-of-function, the initially robust otx2 domain shifts slightly posterior at a given stage (70% epiboly), as does MHB marker expression. We further found that ectopic juxtaposition of otx2 and gbx1 leads to ectopic activation of MHB markers fgf8, pax2.1 and eng2. This indicates that, in zebrafish, an interaction between otx2 and gbx1 determines the site of MHB development. Our work also highlights a novel requirement for gbx1 in hindbrain development. Using cell-tracing experiments, gbx1 was found to cell-autonomously transform anterior neural tissue into posterior. Previous studies have shown that gbx1 is a target of Wnt8 graded activity in the early neural plate. Consistent with this, we show that gbx1 can partially restore hindbrain patterning in cases of Wnt8 loss-of-function. We propose that in addition to its role at the MHB, gbx1 acts at the transcriptional level to mediate Wnt8 posteriorizing signals that pattern the developing hindbrain.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that zebrafish gbx1 is involved in positioning the MHB in the early neural plate by refining the otx2 expression domain. In addition to its role in MHB formation, we have shown that gbx1 is a novel mediator of Wnt8 signaling during hindbrain patterning.