Daresbury Laboratory

In this paper, we propose a complete formulation of the Lattice Boltzmann Method adapted for quantum computing. The classical collision, based on linear equilibrium distribution functions and streaming steps, are reformulated as linear algebraic operations. The inherently non-unitary collision operator is decomposed using Singular Value Decomposition and the Linear Combination of Unitaries technique. Bounce-back boundary conditions are incorporated directly into the collision matrix, while the streaming step is realized through conditional unitary shift operations on spatial registers, controlled by lattice velocity indices encoded in the distribution function register. This formulation ensures that the streaming step remains purely unitary. The resulting quantum circuit is implemented using Qiskit and validated against Couette flow and Poiseuille flow benchmarks. The simulation accurately reproduces the expected velocity profile, with relative errors below 1 0 − 4 . This work establishes a foundational framework for quantum fluid solvers and provides a pathway toward quantum computational fluid dynamics.

Despite therapeutic achievements in haemophilia care, there is still the need to monitor and define personal treatment outcomes and document results to achieve the best possible care. Hence, a need for unbiased, timely and comprehensive real-world information exists to support informed shared decision-making regarding treatment and care. To describe a medical device for people living with haemophilia (PLWH) supporting an active involvement to achieve a near to normal life. Florio HAEMO was developed as haemophilia monitoring platform to support PLWH and their care teams in documenting, interpreting and analysing personal reported outcomes. The tool was created partnering closely with PLWH and healthcare professionals to address previously unmet needs compared to existing applications. Florio HAEMO was launched in March 2020. Currently, it is available in 25 countries and 24 languages; 1558 PLWH (86% with haemophilia A) are registered users in 121 treatment centres across 20 countries. All users included are on a prophylactic treatment regimen. Florio HAEMO allows the collection of contemporaneous data to monitor treatment, like factor level, adherence and consumption as well as monitoring treatment outcomes, including pain, bleeds, wellbeing and levels of physical activity to support self-management, shared decision-making and to enable better care for PLWH. Data collected over time may help to show the impact of individualised prophylaxis and may support the definition of factor levels required for good bleed and joint protection in a real world setting from daily life to physical activities.

This study aims to find out how effective learning is using Canva application-based learning media. This research is a research and development (R&D). Actually, there are ten stages of development, but in this study, the researcher only limited three stages in the development of Canva media, namely the planning stage, the development stage, and the trial stage. The test subjects in this study are students of Physics Education at Cenderawasih University. The data collection technique used in this study is in the form of a questionnaire or questionnaire in the form of a checklist. The data collected is in the form of quantitative data and qualitative data that is formed by words. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, students have responded well to the use of the Canva application. In this study, the researcher used 2 indicators in general, namely the effectiveness of learning and the learning process. The results of the analysis obtained were the percentage score for learning effectiveness of 79.46% in the good category, while for the presentation learning process obtained was 80.71 and in the good category. From the results of the analysis mentioned above, it can be said that the use of Canva-based learning media is good or effective in learning physics at Cenderawasih University

Basic Physics learning for first-year university students still faces various challenges, particularly in understanding abstract and mathematical concepts. This condition highlights the need for interactive and flexible learning media that align with students’ characteristics. This study aims to analyze the needs and usage characteristics of AI-based Google Sites in Basic Physics learning. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey method. The participants were first-semester students of the Physics Education and Mathematics education Program at STKIP Darud Da’wah wal Irsyad Pinrang. Data were collected through a needs analysis questionnaire, classroom observations, and limited interviews. The results indicate that students experience difficulties in comprehending abstract physics concepts and require web-based learning media that are accessible, well-structured, and supported by visual representations. Students also showed positive responses toward the integration of artificial intelligence, particularly in features such as automated feedback and learning material recommendations. These findings suggest that AI-based Google Sites have strong potential to support Basic Physics learning and can serve as a foundational reference for the development of digital learning media in future studies.

Heavy-flavor quarks produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions provide a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of quark-initiated parton showers from initial hard scatterings to final-state hadrons. By examining jets that contain heavy-flavor hadrons, this study explores the effects of both perturbative and nonperturbative QCD on jet formation and structure. The angular differences between various jet axes, <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</a:mi> <a:msub> <a:mi>R</a:mi> <a:mrow> <a:mi>axis</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:math> , offer insight into the radiation patterns and fragmentation of charm quarks. The first measurement of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <d:msup> <d:mi>D</d:mi> <d:mn>0</d:mn> </d:msup> </d:math> -tagged jet axes differences in pp collisions at <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <f:msqrt> <f:mi>s</f:mi> </f:msqrt> <f:mo>=</f:mo> <f:mn>5.02</f:mn> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mi>TeV</f:mi> </f:math> by the ALICE experiment at the LHC is presented for jets with transverse momentum <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <h:msubsup> <h:mi>p</h:mi> <h:mi mathvariant="normal">T</h:mi> <h:mtext>ch jet</h:mtext> </h:msubsup> <h:mo>≥</h:mo> <h:mn>10</h:mn> <h:mtext> </h:mtext> <h:mtext> </h:mtext> <h:mi>GeV</h:mi> <h:mo>/</h:mo> <h:mi>c</h:mi> </h:math> and <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:msup> <k:mi>D</k:mi> <k:mn>0</k:mn> </k:msup> </k:math> mesons with <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <m:mrow> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mi>p</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">T</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">D</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mn>0</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> </m:mrow> </m:msubsup> <m:mo>≥</m:mo> <m:mn>5</m:mn> <m:mtext> </m:mtext> <m:mtext> </m:mtext> <m:mi>GeV</m:mi> <m:mo>/</m:mo> <m:mi>c</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:math> . In this <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:msup> <q:mi>D</q:mi> <q:mn>0</q:mn> </q:msup> </q:math> -meson-tagged jet measurement, three jet axis definitions, each with different sensitivities to soft, wide-angle radiation, are used: the standard axis, soft drop groomed axis, and winner-takes-all axis. Measurements of the radial distributions of <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <s:msup> <s:mi>D</s:mi> <s:mn>0</s:mn> </s:msup> </s:math> mesons with respect to the jet axes, <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <u:mrow> <u:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</u:mi> <u:msub> <u:mrow> <u:mi>R</u:mi> </u:mrow> <u:mrow> <u:mrow> <u:mi>axis</u:mi> </u:mrow> <u:mtext>−</u:mtext> <u:msup> <u:mrow> <u:mi mathvariant="normal">D</u:mi> </u:mrow> <u:mrow> <u:mn>0</u:mn> </u:mrow> </u:msup> </u:mrow> </u:msub> </u:mrow> </u:math> , are reported, along with the angle, <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <y:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</y:mi> <y:msub> <y:mi>R</y:mi> <y:mrow> <y:mi>axis</y:mi> </y:mrow> </y:msub> </y:math> , between the three jet axes. The <bb:math xmlns:bb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <bb:msup> <bb:mi>D</bb:mi> <bb:mn>0</bb:mn> </bb:msup> </bb:math> meson emerges as the leading particle in these jets, closely aligning with the winner-takes-all axis and diverging from the standard jet axis. The results also examine how varying the sensitivity to soft radiation with grooming influences the orientation of the soft drop jet axis and uncover that charm-jet structure is more likely to survive grooming when the soft drop axis is further from the <db:math xmlns:db="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <db:msup> <db:mi>D</db:mi> <db:mn>0</db:mn> </db:msup> </db:math> direction, providing further evidence of the dead-cone effect recently measured by ALICE.

The exceptional performance of ceria (CeO2) in catalysisand energy conversion is fundamentally governed by its defect chemistry,particularly oxygen vacancies. The formation of each oxygen vacancy(VO••) is assumed to be compensated by two localized electrons on cations(Ce3+). Here, we show by combining theory with experimentthat while this 1 VO••: 2Ce3+ ratio accounts for the globalcharge compensation, it does not apply at the local scale, particularlyin nanoparticles. Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM)defect calculations, together with synchrotron X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) measurements, show that electrons have a strongpreference to localize and segregate on surfaces, which can overcomethe trapping force from the VO•• sites in the bulk. At a givenFermi level, the surface VO•• tends to trap more electronsthan those in bulk, resulting in a higher Ce3+ to VO•• ratio on surfaces than that in the bulk, driven by the preferentiallocalization of electrons and enhanced VO••–Ce3+coupling. Large-scale unbiased Monte Carlo simulations on ceria nanoparticlesconfirmed this trend and further show that the surface segregationof electrons is more pronounced at low reduction levels and in smallernanoparticles. In highly reduced ceria nanoparticles, however, theenhanced repulsive interactions lead to a less significant extentof defect heterogeneity or even reverse the location preference ofdefects in some nanoparticles. Our findings underscore the need toconsider both the overall nonstoichiometry and local defect behaviorin easily reducible oxides, with direct relevance to their performancein catalytic and energy applications.

Residual gas analysers are used throughout vacuum science to monitor the gas conditions within vacuum chambers. They are excellent for qualitative analysis of partial pressures. However, for quantitative analysis, additional calibration must be completed to ensures values of partial pressure obtained are accurate. This paper reports a calibration procedure and the results on 11 RGAs, models from MKS and HIDEN were tested. Calibration was performed against a UHV ionisation gauge using N 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 and in some cases Ar. Calibration coefficients were normalised to N 2 and plotted against the pressure, in a range of 1 × 1 0 − 9 − 3 × 1 0 − 6 mbar. This study reports the calibration coefficients of these RGAs and compares them to each other to show the range of variation. It is found there is no linear relationship between pressure and calibration coefficient, and the pattern is not consistent across devices, with some showing a negative relationship, and others a positive. The results of this analysis prove the importance of in-situ RGA calibration for accurate quantitative analysis of residual gas species. • Relative sensitivity from 21 RGA calibration procedures is reported. • Sensitivity differs for each gas species. • Sensitivity is different for each RGA, and from extractor gauges. • The sensitivities drift with time so need monitoring.

Urine provides a noninvasive window into the renal and lymphatic systems, providing molecules (potential markers) from around the body that are detectable using mid-range Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MR-FTIR). The benefit of MR-FTIR for urine analysis is the simultaneous sampling of many of the 3000+ urine constituents. The highly condensed spectral information in a single drop of urine potentially provides simpler, faster, and cheaper tests for multiple pathologies in a single test, providing hope for simultaneous testing of different pathologies. The shortage of pathologists in the UK and medical experts worldwide motivates research to improve medical diagnostic technologies, increasing interest in techniques like MR-FTIR urine analysis. Clinical MR-FTIR urine analysis is ideally positioned for review, niche enough for an exhaustive progress report, whilst developed enough to highlight challenges and suitable comparison to current approaches. Before clinical spectroscopy can help patients, clinical validation must be demonstrated. The review highlights milestones toward this goal, like replicated or blinded studies. A section is then dedicated to the experimental considerations already investigated, providing a resource for future FTIR urine analysis study design. The paper concludes by testing a critical variable for transmission MR-FTIR spectroscopy, identified by assessment of reviewed references, discussed in only one, urea hydrogen bonding with H2O, emphasizing the importance of robust dehydration protocols for urine MR-FTIR analysis. Academic and industrial collaborators separately duplicated the experiments, increasing confidence in the analysis repeatability and corresponding clinical value of the findings.