Defense Acquisition University

This mixed-methods study investigates implementing a blended grammar instruction model that integrates LMS-based formative quizzes and student-led peer presentations within a lesson study framework in an Indonesian teacher education context. Drawing on mastery learning, sociocultural theory, and cognitive load principles, the study examines how this approach impacts student grammar mastery, perceptions, and instructor workload. The research employed quantitative analysis of student academic scores and Likert-scale survey data alongside qualitative insights from open-ended student reflections and instructor logs to enable triangulation of findings. Participants included 12 pre-service English teachers and three instructors in a semester-long Advanced English Structure course. Results show substantial gains in grammar performance, especially on cumulative assessments, and high student engagement with both LMS and peer learning components. Students valued repeated quiz practice, structured feedback, and collaborative presentations. Instructors reported reduced grading fatigue and increased pedagogical focus through LMS automation and team-based lesson study. Despite minor challenges in digital access and learner consistency, the model proved pedagogically effective and operationally sustainable. Findings affirm blended grammar instruction's relevance for enhancing student learning and instructional resilience in resource-constrained EFL settings.

O presente texto buscou investigar e analisar quais são as estratégias alfabetizadoras utilizadas pelas professoras pedagogas para alfabetizar alunos com deficiência intelectual matriculados no Ensino Fundamental, anos iniciais da rede municipal de Criciúma. Tendo como os objetivos específicos: identificar a função da professora no processo de alfabetização de alunos com deficiência intelectual; pesquisar as estratégias alfabetizadoras publicadas nas literaturas contemporâneas; conhecer as dificuldades encontradas no processo de alfabetização de alunos com deficiência intelectual e apontar uma prática alfabetizadora possível, para o público alvo da pesquisa. As reflexões aqui apresentadas foram construídas por meio de resultados obtidos na pesquisa qualitativa de campo, com entrevista semiestruturada, onde averiguou-se que existem diversas barreiras no ensino da alfabetização desses alunos. Do mesmo modo que existem diversas possibilidades para repensar tais estratégias, uma delas, como aqui sugerida, é inserir as práticas letradas de modo a proporcionar uma compreensão ampla sobre a função social da língua, tornando a aprendizagem mais significativa e possibilitando mudanças necessárias.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estratégias alfabetizadoras. Letramento. Deficiência intelectual.

We report a microlens array camera with variable apertures (MACVA) for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging by using microlens arrays with various sizes of apertures. The MACVA comprises variable apertures, microlens arrays, gap spacers, and a CMOS image sensor. The microlenses with variable apertures capture low dynamic range (LDR) images with different f-stops under single-shot exposure. The reconstructed HDR images clearly exhibit expanded dynamic ranges surpassing LDR images as well as high resolution without motion artifacts, comparable to the maximum MTF50 value observed among the LDR images. This compact camera provides, what we believe to be, a new perspective for various machine vision or mobile devices applications.

<p>This essay draws on archival materials in the Harvest House fonds housed at Queen’s University (Kingston, Ontario) to recover and demystify the nature of Gwendolyn Moore’s formative work in French‑to‑English translation in the years 1970 to 1973. The essay responds to Jeremy Munday’s call to attend to the “ordinary” translator who did not gain prominence but whose work was nonetheless integral to the cultural fabric of her society. In focusing on Moore’s connection with Harvest House publisher Maynard Gertler and studying her role as the trailblazing translator of Yves Thériault and Anne Hébert, the essay argues that she became a key intermediary of cultural exchange in the early 1970s, when the Canadian government was yet in the process of formalizing a program of arts translation grants under the aegis of the Canada Council for the Arts. In essence, before translators had acquired professional standing within literary Canada, Moore conducted herself as a professional.</p>

The risk management framework (RMF) applied by the United States combines the concepts of information security and risk management in the product development process. This includes the systematic structure of equipment, parts, other construction systems, facilities, and personnel, as well as the related security of cyberspace. This concept has been a concept that has been systematically applied for the completion of information security from the requirement planning stage to the destruction of the weapon system. The RMF, which should be reflected in the project of power enhancement to ensure the perfect performance of the weapons system that our military will use in the future, is unfamiliar to Republic of Korea Army (ROK). RMF is a step-level field that has not yet been based on detailed research and measures in any ROK military, such as the Army, Navy, and Air Force. However, the USFK, which is stationed in the Republic of Korea during peacetime, and the United States’ wartime reinforcement forces [Flexible Deterrence Option (FDO), Force Module Package (FMP), Time Phased Forces Deployment Data (TPFDD)], which are deployed at the request of the CFC Commander in the event of a crisis situation on the Korean peninsula and under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, are thoroughly prepared for cyber threats by applying the RMF procedure. Therefore, the military should also create and apply the corresponding procedures during combined and joint operations as soon as possible. This study aims to provide a direction for the development of a categorization system, which is the most basic and important step 1 system in the RMF process, and I hope that it will help in the implementation of the Korean Risk Management Framework (KRMF) that should be applied in the future.

Mission engineering is the quantification of the effects applied by a system of systems to achieve measurable desired results. The execution of the mission is defined by a mission thread; that is the sequence of actions/processes executed by elemental systems. The domain of complex missions has been described as “wicked” because traditional military and space program-based systems engineering practices fail due to a lack of discrete phases, a dependence on context, and the non-uniqueness of a “good-enough” mission thread. Wicked problems also tend to be unstructured (non-hierarchical) with no centralized control and do not lend themselves to linear step-by-step processes. Wicked problems are inherently uncertain leading to the broader issue of trust across a mission knowledge base, and any mission level analyses. Wicked problems are also characterized and challenged by combinatoric complexity. Mission success is primarily driven by the interrelationships between systems and not just by the individual systems themselves. The success of mission engineering will require an iterative approach of modeling, simulation, and analysis resulting in a continuous reduction in uncertainty and refinement in the topology of the mission thread. OODA-based decomposition of mission threads focused on Boyd’s Orient function provides focus on system interrelationships. Trust provides decision-maker confidence in the results that has proved elusive to traditional validation approaches. The approach described in this paper is based upon using applied category theory as a basis for building mission threads, mission models, data stores, and integrating simulation ensembles.

From first-principles calculations, the magnetism and electronic structures of bilayer bismuth (stannum) films at the monolayer CrI3 (CrBr3) interface are studied. The Curie temperature (TC) of CrX3 (X = Br, I) can be enhanced by coupling bilayer bismuth (Bi) with van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. The n-doping of CrX3, induced by interlayer charge-transfer from the Bi film, leads to the enhancement of TC. The quantum spin Hall phases of bilayer bismuth and stannum films are destroyed by the magnetic substrate. Although the interface system of the bilayer stannum (Sn) film on a CrBr3 monolayer shows a band gap (57 meV), the inexistence of edge states with valence and conduction bands connected across the insulating gap is a manifestation of the trivial state without the feature of quantized anomalous Hall effect in the interface. The percentage reduction of the corresponding work function is 22.6%, 12.7%, 25.4% and 16.5% for Bi/CrI3, Sn/CrI3, Bi/CrBr3 and Sn/CrBr3 interface systems, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the Bi(Sn)-CrI3(CrBr3) interface system with vdW engineering is an efficient way to tune magnetism and electronic structures, which is of importance for future applications in spintronics and nanoelectronics devices.

To investigate the recidivism rate of cholesteatoma treated via endoscopic ear surgery (EES), either via transcanal endoscopic ear surgery or endoscopic assisted tympanomastoidectomy compared with a microscopic postauricular approach. Retrospective chart review. Academic otology practice. Adult patients (18 years and older) with at least 11 months of surgical follow-up who were treated for cholesteatoma via endoscopic techniques or microscopic postauricular approach. Use of the endoscope for cholesteatoma dissection. Residual or recurrent cholesteatoma identified at second look surgery or postoperative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty-nine patients treated for cholesteatoma via endoscopic techniques and 35 patients treated via microscopic postauricular approach were analyzed. The endoscopic group required significantly fewer mastoid procedures (28% versus 80%, p-value 0.001). Postoperative changes in median ABG (5 dB versus 3.75 dB, p = 0.9519), median PTA (6.875 dB versus 1.25 dB, p = 0.3864), and median word recognition score (0% versus 0%, p = 0.3302) were not significantly different between the EES and microscopic surgery groups. Median operative times were not significantly different between the two groups (182 min endoscopic versus 174 min microscopic, p-value 0.66). The rate of residual disease (17% EES versus 17% microscopic, p = 0.959) or disease recurrence (18% endoscopic versus 20% microscopic, p = 0.816) were not significantly different between the two groups. EES is an effective option for cholesteatoma management with similar rates of recurrent or residual disease as compared with the more traditional microscopic postauricular approach in these samples.

Based on the research findings and gaps that exist in the literature surveyed by Hayretdin Bahşi et al., a layered framework can be defined to assist leaders faced with innovation and agility challenges at the dawn of Industry 4.0 [1]. This framework is derived from a cyber-focus on understanding and assessing the lateral and horizontal dependencies affecting cyber- physical domains. The DoD is fully integrated in cyberspace operations where inputs and outputs of information are critical to mission success. DoD program managers are tasked with a total systems life cycle approach to managing and governing operational capabilities. Rather than considering individual applications separately, program managers' applications consist of combinations of Business, Military, Enterprise, Cyber-physical Systems, and Cloud Computing domains. The layered dependency framework presented in this paper addresses the gap in services identified. From this framework, a set of values and principles are defined to govern and manage Enterprise Agility within the operations and sustainment phase of a mission capability life cycle. An example instance of Enterprise Agility is presented for Planning Cyberspace Operations (PlanCyberOps).

The Family Planning (FP) 2020 global partnership has achieved significant gains since its inception, and while it strives to accelerate uptake of voluntary FP services, women in developing countries continue to face an unmet need for modern contraceptive services. Critical opportunities for action exist in the area of understanding the effects of quality of family planning services and continued contraceptive use. Measuring and tracking the quality of FP services is an important aspect of improving service delivery, and client feedback also offers critical insight into the design of demand generation and uptake strategies for a contraceptive. In this report, we present a literature review on the current trends in customer feedback management in the private sector, particularly in industries that closely resemble the health-services sector. We believe that the well-tested business principles that drive success in the services business can be effectively used to scale solutions to address client satisfaction in the global health sector.