Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as powerful educational tools for disseminating complex scientific knowledge. This study examines the RECONECT MOOC, an innovative online learning platform designed to educate stakeholders about nature-based solutions (NbS) for hydrometeorological risk reduction. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of international experts, the course drew on diverse professional and geographical perspectives, across a range of national and sectoral contexts. Its primary aim to bridge the knowledge gap in climate adaptation strategies across diverse professional sectors. The research investigated the effectiveness of interactive, multimedia-based learning approaches in communicating advanced NbS concepts. Using the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) framework, the course integrated multiple learning methods, including reading, listening, inquiry-based learning, discussion forums and practical application exercises. The MOOC was divided into six modules and targeted local authorities, policymakers, academics, postgraduate students and other stakeholders interested in climate resilience. Findings revealed that 90% of participants gained additional NbS knowledge, 69% reported a shift in perception and 62% felt confident applying what they learned. Participants valued the interactive resources and flexible, self-paced format. Overall, the study demonstrates that MOOCs can effectively support scientific knowledge dissemination and strengthen understanding of complex environmental solutions.

Sanitation remains a critical development and public-health challenge, particularly in rural Ethiopia, where only 7% of the population has access to safely managed sanitation.

A potential impact of archival storage materials that seems to be of increased concern is the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from such materials. In this study, VOC emissions from cardboard and polypropylene were analyzed using thermal desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ion chromatography (IC), with particular attention given to acetic and formic acids, and their impact was evaluated using Oddy tests. While the latter revealed that some nonarchival grade packaging materials could represent a risk to both metal and paper, which can be explained by VOC emissions measured using GC–MS, acid emissions measured at room temperature provided a different picture. Equilibrium acid concentration was modeled in archival boxes, which turned out to be insignificant in comparison with the current standards for archival air quality. This suggests that even nonarchival quality boxes do not significantly contribute to the degradation of paper, which emits its own VOCs, including organic acids. With suitable air exchange rates, the concern about box materials significantly contributing to VOC‐induced degradation of paper stored within is thus not justified. Additionally, Oddy tests and other emission tests at elevated temperatures need to be re‐evaluated in relation to their value to preventive conservation of organic materials.

Abstract Ethiopia’s reduction in open defecation contrasts with persistent sanitation challenges, as most rural latrines remain unimproved, risking pollution and public health. This study quantifies biomethane and nutrient recovery potential from human feces in Oromia using high-resolution population (GHS-POP R2023A) and settlement data (GHS-SMOD R2023A) integrated with experimental findings. Annual per capita feces production is 73 kg, yielding 28.71 m³ methane and nutrients of 3.71 g N, 1.12 g P, and 2.29 g K per kg. Rural Oromia produces ~ 2 million tonnes of feces yearly, with an energy potential of 27.89 PJ (775 million m³ methane) and recoverable nutrients valued at over 2.6 billion birr in synthetic fertilizer equivalents. Spatial hotspots in central and southwestern districts highlight priority areas for intervention. Resource-Oriented Toilet Systems offer sustainable sanitation, renewable energy, and agricultural benefits but face cultural, economic, and institutional barriers. The study underscores the need for integrated policies and culturally sensitive approaches to advance Ethiopia’s circular sanitation economy.

Abstract BECCS (bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage) combines CO2 capture and storage with the use of bioenergy. This is a promising carbon dioxide removal method that can contribute to reaching national net-zero climate targets.
In this study, we analyzed the current German bioenergy system and CO2 flows within that system, identified suitable BECCS routes based on biogenic waste and residues, calculated Germany’s total theoretical BECCS potential for those routes, and assessed key implementation factors to develop targeted recommendations.
In Germany, the existing bioenergy system already contributes to renewable energy supply, but is not yet geared towards BECCS. With the use of biogenic waste and residues, more than 25 million tons of CO2/year in the form of CO2 and biochar could be made available for capture with the current bioenergy plant stock. To this end, existing bioenergy plants with high CO2 capture potential (e.g., waste incineration plants and biomass cogeneration plants) can be expanded for BECCS.
The successful establishment of BECCS depends on technology requirements, costs, environmental impact, and the societal and legal environment. It requires testing various BECCS methods and a secure investment environment for the development of business models and monitoring systems.
Inclusive participation strategies are necessary for the successful implementation of BECCS to achieve a broad social acceptance. The combination of BECCS with nature-based measures for CO2 removal (e.g., rewetting of peatlands), cascade use of biomass, and targeted provision of bioenergy in sectors that are difficult to defossilize is of crucial importance for environmental compatibility. In addition, BECCS must be integrated into the existing legal framework in order to minimize environmental risks and create the necessary infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage.

Abstract Depletion of soil organic carbon and nutrients creates mounting challenges for agricultural production in tropical regions, putting livelihoods and food security at risk. Biochar‐based fertilizer (BBF) has been suggested as a tool to maintain yields while concurrently improving soil organic carbon content and related soil functions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different BBF formulations (biochar–digestate and biochar–vermicompost) on the yield of wheat and soil properties in soils ranging from highly acidic to near neutral pH in the mid‐ and highlands of the Oromia and Sidama regions of Ethiopia. Our results showed that combining biochar with organic and/or inorganic fertilizers significantly increased above‐ground biomass and dry grain yield in acidic soils. Application rates of 20 t ha−1 yielded the highest improvements, outperforming inorganic fertilizers by enhancing grain yields by up to 94% and biomass by 58%. Soil analyses revealed that BBF can increase soil pH, nutrient availability and cation exchange capacity. Its effectiveness varied with soil conditions, showing limited impact in less acidic soils, which supports its specific role in mitigating soil acidity and related fertility deficiencies. Hence, BBF is a promising alternative soil amendment for smallholder farms. Adoption of BBF into integrated soil fertility management could reduce the dependency on imported inorganic fertilizers, promote a circular bioeconomy and contribute to carbon sequestration, making it a viable option for sustainable agriculture in tropical acidic soils.

Abstract National and international policies focus on climate protection, resource efficiency and sustainability. The bioeconomy is seen as future-oriented field of innovation that can reconcile ecological and economic development. Building with renewable resources as part of the bioeconomy also contributes and is a key element of the global Sustainable Development Goal 11 'Sustainable Cities and Communities'. The study complements the national biomass monitoring in Germany with a regional insight into construction with renewable resources in Central Germany. It addresses practical challenges, theoretical approaches and political goals of the construction sector in Central Germany. Sectors with a high level of employment in the region and/or with a regional specificity will be examined. In 2020, 81,506 employees covered by social security were employed in the forestry, wood and construction industries in the federal states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg and Thuringia. This corresponds to a total share of two per cent of total employment in the federal states. Around 11,700 enterprises subject to value added tax are specialised herein. The region has extensive timber resources: 14.7 million m³ of hard- and softwood were harvested in the federal states in 2021. Industry trends include an increasing construction of timber buildings, use of wood as a renewable carbon source in the chemical industry and a rise in the use of wood-based packaging. This is accompanied by increased competition for the use of resources and brings potentials for innovation that can lead to economic growth and is being supported at the political level.