Devan Chemicals (Belgium)

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine normative values for hip strength and range of motion in professional female football players and to explore associations of age, playing position, leg dominance, hip/groin symptoms and previous hip/groin injuries. By establishing baseline measures, this study aims to provide reference values that can help guide injury prevention strategies in female football players. Cross-sectional. 100 professional female football players from the highest Dutch football league (Eredivisie) were assessed at three participating hospitals. Primary outcome measures included normalized eccentric hip adduction and abduction (Nm/kg), hip adduction/abduction ratio, adduction squeeze (N/kg), internal and external hip rotation (°), total hip rotation (°), hip flexion (°) and bent knee fall out (cm). Normative values for hip strength (mean ± SD) were: adduction 3.0 ± 0.6 Nm/kg, abduction 3.1 ± 0.6 Nm/kg, adduction/abduction ratio 1.0 ± 0.1, and adductor squeeze 4.2 ± 0.7. Age showed a positive association with abduction and adduction strength. Goalkeepers had lower values for all strength measurements compared with field players. Normative values for ROM (mean ± SD) were: internal rotation 36 ± 8°, external rotation 49 ± 7°, total rotation 86 ± 10°, hip flexion 128 ± 6°, and bent knee fall out 14 ± 4 cm. Dominant legs showed lower mean values for internal rotation, total rotation, and hip flexion compared to non-dominant legs. This study established normative values for hip strength and range of motion in professional female football players that can be used as reference profiles and can aid in injury prevention strategies and return-to-play protocols.

Abstract Dexco Polymers (a Dow/Exxon partnership) has been manufacturing VectorR SIS polymers since 1990.1 This paper describes experiments carried out to study Vector SIS polymers and model pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) formulations based on Exxon Chemical's EscorezR 1310LC tackifier. The adhesive behavior of tackified polymers was quantitatively analyzed by applying the rheological principle of time-temperature superposition2 and the mapping approach,3,4 and the pressure sensitive rheological model5 developed earlier. This model5 was developed by expanding and modifying an equation [adhesive fracture strength = (intrinsic adhesion) × (bulk energy dissipation)] proposed by Gent et al. 6,7 and Andrews et al. 8,9 This study delivers two key results. The first is that the fracture strength of the PSA/steel bond is the multiplication of three terms: the intrinsic (or interfacial) adhesion, the bonding and the debonding terms (Fig. 1). The debonding term is correlated with the logarithm of the loss modulu...