Digimarc (United States)

Küresel ölçekte sürdürülebilir finans araçlarının önemi artarken, yeşil tahvillerin geleneksel finansal piyasalarla olan etkileşimlerinin anlaşılması gerek akademik literatür gerekse piyasa aktörleri açısından kritik hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, 2 Mart 2015-10 Şubat 2025 dönemi kapsamında, küresel yeşil tahvil piyasası ile finansala piyasalar (hisse senedi, geleneksel tahvil, emtia, karbon yoğun enerji kripto para piyasaları) arasındaki bağlantıları incelemektedir. Analizde, piyasalar arasındaki ilişkiler zaman ve frekans boyutlarını eşanlı olarak yakalayabilen dalgacık tutarlılığı yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, farklı zaman dilimlerinde ve frekanslarda yeşil tahvil ile finansal piyasalar arasındaki genel görünümün pozitif yönlü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çoğu durumda finansal piyasaların yeşil tahvillere öncülük ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yeşil tahvillerin hisse senedi ve geleneksel tahvil piyasalarıyla daha güçlü bir bağlantı içerisinde olduğu, buna karşın emtia, karbon yoğun enerji ve kripto para piyasalarıyla ilişkilerin daha zayıf kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, sürdürülebilir portföy stratejileri tasarlayan yatırımcılar, risk yönetimi modelleri geliştiren finansal kurumlar ve yeşil finans politikalarını şekillendiren düzenleyici otoriteler açısından önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Successful online dental marketing depends on great ideas and a big passion for social media. Dental marketing and design expert Shaz Memon forecasts six sensational trends for you and your team

The prefrontal cortex (PFC), which mediates the emotional coping response to different stressful paradigms, is composed of distinct parts depends on stimulus involved physical or psychological stress. It also plays a role in a number of neurological conditions. It`s known that neuroendocrine control of homeostatic and reproductive functions including stress response and energy metabolism is fulfils by important signaling molecules as endogenous cannabinoids. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of cold stress on distribution of CB1- receptors in PFC of rats. Immunohistochemical procedure for CB1-receptors was performed in adult male Wistar rats. The data were entered in the computer program, recorded automatically, calculated and compared by Student`s t-test. We found CB1-immunoreaction in axons and dendrites as well as in cell bodies where they presented as puncta on somata. The cells bodies were comprised of several distinct shapes: pyramidal, oval, fusiform and multipolar. Numerous fine-beaded fibers and puncta were seen on a handful of pyramidal large-sized neurons and many puncta were observed around the oval-shaped small- and medium-sized neurons.The PFC in cold stress rats demonstrated around 18% higher density of CB1-receptors compared with controls. In conclusion our results showed that cold stress exposure increased distribution of CB1-receptors in PFC of rats. These experimental data suggest that endocannabinoid system in this brain area may play an important role in the continuity of homeostasis in cold stress.

Simulating hair dynamics is one of the most challenging tasks in computer animation due to its complexity and required realism. The huge amount of hair make the computation and rendering very cumbersome, especially when influenced by visual effect elements such as water and fire. In this paper we propose a physically-based model to capture the characteristics of wet hair. Hair and fur in our system can interact with water particles and change the parameters such as weight and stiffness for physics simulation. A fast cohesion process is then applied to wet hair at each time step to achieve realistic clumping effects. We also introduces a shading model that produces convincing appearance for wet hair.

Watermarking-based applications can help content owners balance business requirements with consumer choice.

A reversible watermarking algorithm with very high data-hiding capacity has been developed for color images. The algorithm allows the watermarking process to be reversed, which restores the exact original image. The algorithm hides several bits in the difference expansion of vectors of adjacent pixels. The required general reversible integer transform and the necessary conditions to avoid underflow and overflow are derived for any vector of arbitrary length. Also, the potential payload size that can be embedded into a host image is discussed, and a feedback system for controlling this size is developed. In addition, to maximize the amount of data that can be hidden into an image, the embedding algorithm can be applied recursively across the color components. Simulation results using spatial triplets, spatial quads, cross-color triplets, and cross-color quads are presented and compared with the existing reversible watermarking algorithms. These results indicate that the spatial, quad-based algorithm allows for hiding the largest payload at the highest signal-to-noise ratio.

A new reversible watermarking algorithm based on the difference expansion of colored images has been developed. Since the watermark is completely reversible, the original image can be recovered exactly. The algorithm uses spatial and spectral triplets of pixels to hide pairs of bits, which allows the algorithm to hide a large amount of data. A spatial triplet is any three pixel values selected from the same spectral component, while a spectral triplet is any three pixel values selected from different spectral components. The algorithm is recursively applied to the rows and columns of the spectral components of the image and across all spectral components to maximize the hiding capacity. Simulation results show that the hiding capacity of the algorithm is very high and the resulting distortion is low.

In some applications, the utility of an image watermarking system is greatly reduced if an attacker is able to extract a watermark from a marked image and re-embed it into an unmarked image. This threat is known as the copy attack. We develop an image signature scheme to be used with digital watermarks to create an image watermarking system that is more resistant to this attack. We describe the image signature algorithm in detail, and how it may be fused with a digital watermark. We then present preliminary results of our system using an image test set of highly correlated images.

In the digital information age, digital content (audio, image, and video) can be easily copied, manipulated, and distributed. Copyright protection and content authentication of digital content has become an urgent problem to content owners and distributors. Digital watermarking has provided a valuable solution to this problem. Based on its application scenario, most digital watermarking methods can be divided into two categories: robust watermarking and fragile watermarking. As a special subset of fragile watermark, reversible watermark (which is also called lossless watermark, invertible watermark, erasable watermark) enables the recovery of the original, unwatermarked content after the watermarked content has been detected to be authentic. Such reversibility to get back unwatermarked content is highly desired in sensitive imagery, such as military data and medical data. In this paper we present a reversible watermarking method based on an integer wavelet transform. We look into the binary representation of each wavelet coefficient and embed an extra bit to expandable wavelet coefficient. The location map of all expanded coefficients will be coded by JBIG2 compression and these coefficient values will be losslessly compressed by arithmetic coding. Besides these two compressed bit streams, an SHA-256 hash of the original image will also be embedded for authentication purpose.

Many articles covering novel techniques, theoretical studies, attacks, and analyses have been published recently in the field of digital watermarking. In the interest of expanding commercial markets and applications of watermarking, this paper is part of a series of papers from Digimarc on practical issues associated with commercial watermarking applications. In this paper we address several practical issues associated with the use of web cameras for watermark detection. In addition to the obvious issues of resolution and sensitivity, we explore issues related to the tradeoff between gain and integration time to improve sensitivity, and the effects of fixed pattern noise, time variant noise, and lens and Bayer pattern distortions. Furthermore, the ability to control (or at least determine) camera characteristics including white balance, interpolation, and gain have proven to be critical to successful application of watermark readers based on web cameras. These issues and tradeoffs are examined with respect to typical spatial-domain and transform-domain watermarking approaches.