Division of Undergraduate Education

Running Title ML prediction of punching shear in FRP slabs Abstract The increasing demand for resilient structures in earthquake-prone and high-impact areas has necessitated the accurate prediction of the punching shear strength of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and without shear reinforcement. The classical approaches, including physical testing and mathematically derived models, tend to have limitations in terms of both accuracy and speed. The present work carries out the prediction of the punching shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs by employing various machine learning (ML) techniques like decision tree, random forest, stochastic gradient boosting, and so on. The research conducted involved a thorough study through a dataset comprising experiments on slabs with different design parameters, including thickness, strength of the concrete, type of FRP reinforcement, and ratio of reinforcement, which was then used to train and evaluate the ML-based models. Out of all the models that were put to the test, the GEP (Gene Expression Programming) method attained the utmost R² value equal to 0.86, which is an indication of getting shear strength prediction more accurately than traditional models. Furthermore, the ML models were compared through statistical errors, including RMSE, MAE, and R², with the attained values being within the acceptable range. The analysis of feature importance showed that the parameters slab thickness, concrete strength, and reinforcement ratios were the key players in the determination of the punching shear strength. The present study clearly points to the machine learning potential in reducing the effort and time in punching shear strength prediction, the outcome being better design codes and standards for FRP-reinforced concrete slabs in the future. Keywords Punching shear strength; FRP-reinforced concrete; machine learning; gene expression programming; slab thickness; reinforcement ratio Article Type Research Article Subject Area / Discipline Structural Engineering / Civil Engineering Funding Information None Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Not applicable. This study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive personal data. Data Availability The data supporting the findings of this study are confidential and are therefore not publicly available.

West Java represents one of Indonesia's most seismically active regions, characterized by complex interactions between the Indo-Australian subduction zone and active onshore fault systems. This study investigated subsurface geological configurations and their relationship to earthquake occurrences using Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) data with a 2-arc-minute resolution. The research methodology utilized Reduction to the Pole (RTP) to eliminate dipolar effects caused by the equatorial location, followed by spectral analysis to separate regional and residual anomalies. To precisely map structural lineaments, First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) techniques were applied to the residual data. The processed maps revealed distinct anomaly contrasts, with high magnetic intensities (up to 300 nT) associated with volcanic intrusions and low anomalies (approximately −100 nT) indicating sedimentary basins or hydrothermally altered zones. A critical analysis of the December 15, 2017, Tasikmalaya earthquake (Mw 6.5) identified a strong correlation between the epicenter and a significant low magnetic anomaly zone of −150 nT. This specific signature was interpreted as a fracture zone characterized by rock demagnetization resulting from tectonic stress accumulation. These findings confirm that integrating EMAG2 data with derivative filtering is a robust approach for delineating active tectonic structures, thereby contributing essential data for regional seismic hazard mitigation.

Non-Kekule benzenoid structures are molecular systems that cannot be represented by classical Kekule resonance forms with alternating single and double bonds. These compounds often possess unpaired electrons and exhibit distinct electronic characteristics, including diradical and polyradical behavior. In this study, we analyze the structural and topological properties of selected non-Kekule benzenoid systems by computing various molecular descriptors, including the Atom-Bond Connectivity (ABC) index, Geometric-Arithmetic (GA) index, Randić index, First and Second Zagreb indices, Hyper Zagreb index and the Forgotten index. These topological indices offer valuable insights into the connectivity and branching patterns of the molecules, contributing to a deeper understanding of their structural complexity. The results may serve as a foundation for future investigations into the potential applications of these systems in fields such as materials science and molecular design.

Christians in both historical and contemporary contexts can have a tendency to deemphasize what they theologically do not understand and aggrandize what is theologically myopic to them. In Christian biblical and theological interpretation, the interpreter must choose to emphasize what the author, and in turn God, intended, rather than allowing a personal bias of ignorance or complacency to dictate any or all of their interpretative method. This paper looks at Joshua 5:13-15 in which this dynamic of under, over, and proper emphasis is exhibited through the three most dominant perspectives of thought on the central theological issue of the text. This central issue is the identity of the “Commander of the Lord’s Army.” The writers of the Septuagint erroneously believe and present the Commander as non-deific. They deemphasize the Commander’s deific nature based off a fear that the passage may encourage angelic worship. Some modern scholars advocate for the Commander’s deific status as they believe He is the pre incarnate Christ. This improvident perspective provides an overemphasis on Christocentric implications not intended by the text. Richard Hess aptly presents the Commander as the deific manifestation of the divine presence of God based off the appropriate contextual implications.

The preschool period is a golden era for development, where social and emotional skills determine a child's future ability to interact and manage emotions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between active parental involvement and the socio-emotional development of preschool children at Dharma Wanita Persatuan 1 Kindergarten in Kemulan Village. Using a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, the study employed a total sampling technique involving 55 parent respondents from the institution. Data were collected through a parental role questionnaire and developmental observation sheets, subsequently analyzed using the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Test. Results revealed a p-value of 0.019, confirming a significant relationship where higher parental engagement leads to superior emotional outcomes. It is recommended that educational institutions and community programs, such as Bina Keluarga Balita, enhance parental literacy to create a supportive ecosystem that fosters children's independence and emotional regulation

The purpose of this study is to examine the learning style preferences among year 1 undergraduate students at UNITAR International University. Besides that, this study examines the impact of learning styles on academic performance in English language courses through Grade Point Average (GPA) and Cumulative Point Average (CGPA) among year 1 undergraduate students at UNITAR International University. This study is important because it let future teachers and students to recognize their preferred learning styles, which can lead to academic success. This study also explores ways to adjust learning styles to improve undergraduate students’ academic performance in English language courses. The VARK model by Neil Fleming was used in this study as the theoretical framework. The questionnaire was distributed in a survey form to 50 respondents, and an interview was conducted with 3 interviewees. The key findings revealed that there is a highly significant and positive influence between learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and reading/writing) and academic performance in English language courses. The implication of the study highlights how crucial it is to accommodate various learning preferences.

A 24-year-old man experienced high-grade fever, chills, and headaches for 2 months. From August 18 to 28, 2021, he received intraperitoneal treatment, then remained at home. One month passed before he underwent external ventricular drainage for hydrocephalus. Two days later, he presented with vomiting, altered sensorium, and a foreign body sensation. Upon examination, the patient's vitals were stable. Clubbing was noted on all digits. He was afebrile but had an abnormal central nervous system exam with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of E4V3M5. He was disoriented and nonresponsive to commands. The patient had no relevant past medical history and was generally healthy, but a previous blood culture identified Pseudomonas. He had no prior respiratory issues or admissions. His diagnosis included multiple cerebral abscesses, ventriculitis, and hydrocephalus. The underlying reason? A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the left lung.

There has been less explanation for whether lumbar disc injury, particularly through puncture and nucleus pulposus (NP) aspiration, can influence chronic low back pain (LBP). We aim to investigate whether intradiscal injury modifies spine structure and contributes to behavioral alteration and peripheral neuronal hyperexcitability in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) were subjected to lumbar disc (L4/5 and L5/6) puncture with nucleus pulposus aspiration (PUNCT) or sham surgery. Nociceptive processing was investigated through behavioral tests [dynamic weight bearing (DWB) and hindpaw withdrawal threshold], electrophysiological recordings of mechanosensitive single afferent nerves (MSAN), and calcium imaging of DiI-labeled dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in response to capsaicin. Expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the disc and subchondral bone were quantified, and bone structure was assessed using ex vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT). The PUNCT group displayed significant behavioral changes, including increased forelimb dependency in DWB and decreased hindpaw withdrawal thresholds. Electrophysiological data indicated MSAN hyperexcitability with a reduced threshold to intradiscal pressure, and calcium imaging revealed heightened capsaicin (1 μM)-induced calcium influx in DiI-labeled DRG neurons from the PUNCT group. NGF and BDNF expression significantly increased in both the disc and subchondral bone of the PUNCT group. µCT analysis revealed hypertrophic bone volume, diminished trabecular bone quality, and localized bone erosion in the PUNCT group. Intradiscal injury caused by puncture and NP aspiration induces spinal structural remodeling and peripheral neuronal sensitization, contributing to chronic LBP.