Dnipro University of Technology

The article continues the series of publications about the universum evolution of the Ancient Greek subcivilization of the Antique civilization and is devoted to the characteristics of its spirituality and culture in the context of complex processes of appropriation of essential human powers. It is shown that in the early period in Ancient Greece, as in the East, fetishism, totemism, animism, polydemonism developed in parallel and succession, but, unlike the East, ancient Greek Olympic polytheism is characterized by a pronounced anthropomorphism, and the priesthood never turned into a closed privileged caste due to the absence of a single state. Later, the strengthening of religion was facilitated by the formation of a mixed public-individual appropriation by the people's assembly and the ruling group of the majority of city-wide objects, including the proto-institutions and proper institutions of religion. It has been proven that the objective dialectic of the general civilizational and special ancient Greek, concrete historical principles of appropriation gives birth to philosophy and science in their classical understanding in the background of the democratization of the policies, the Great Colonization and the limited centripetal possibilities of mythology and religion. The middle position of philosophy between religion and science is emphasized. The assumption is formulated that the cosmogonic constructions of the first philosophers and scientists were inspired mainly by the mechanistic perception of the polis and the not fully conscious desire to improve its organization. More complex, median-synthetic forms of philosophical discourse, the interaction of science and religion matured later, in the dialectical teachings of Plato and Aristotle, which corresponded to the increasing complexity of the structure of the polis and the system of appropriation of its objects. According to Plato, a polis is impossible without free citizens, and their majority cannot be interested in its demise, the loss of independence, because together with it the mixed social and individual appropriation of their civil status will sink into oblivion. This demise may become inevitable if the private interests of many prevail over the interests of the city as a whole. Therefore, an ideal state headed by philosophers, in which interests are harmonized and optimized, is imperative. Aristotle's commitment to the methodology of the middle, which in his teaching appears multifaceted, universal, essential, and relative, is characterized. This allowed him to present the polis as a special economic system in which household and state economy, economy and chrematistics, commodity exchange, commodity-money circulation and the movement of money as capital interact. Aristotle was the first to outline the subject space of economic science with the problem of wealth in its two forms – genuine natural and imaginary monetary. From the standpoint of the historical synthesis of universality and medianity, socialization and individualization in the system of appropriation of the ancient Greek polis, the main achievements in the field of ancient literature, theater, architecture and sculpture, and applied art are examined. It is concluded that ancient spirituality and culture are characterized by a complex trialectic of the middle, the east and the west with the dominance of the middle, which provided the universum foundations, on the one hand, for its expansion, the birth and development of Hellenism, and on the other, for its world-historical significance, which cannot be denied, even with a solid baggage of modern knowledge about the richest treasures of human civilization.

This study presents the results of smoke simulations from wildfires that occurred in September 2024 in northern Ukraine. The case study focuses on peatland fires near Loshakova Huta (Chernihiv region), specifically during 19–23 September, when smoke was transported toward the capital city of Kyiv under northerly wind direction. Burnt areas were identified using multiple data sources, including Sentinel-2 and Planet satellite imagery (false-colour analysis), EFFIS (European Forest Fire Information System) polygons, land surface temperature anomalies obtained from MODIS and VIIRS satellite instruments (NASA FIRMS (Fire Information for Resource Management System) platform) and EUMETSAT LSA SAF (Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility), and Sentinel-3 fire radiative power data. Emissions of major air pollutants were estimated using the Fuel Fire Tools application, which integrates the FCCS (Fuel Characteristic Classification System), the CONSUME fuel consumption model, and FEPS (Fire Emission Prediction Simulator). The FCCS module provided fire behaviour parameters and fuel loading for the identified burnt areas based on a 30-m fuel map developed for Ukraine, which had previously been modified by introducing peat fuel classes using available soil data. Total emissions and their temporal dynamics were then calculated. Smoke transport and dispersion were simulated by means of the CALPUFF Lagrangian puff model and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) at 1 km spatial resolution. Both models were applied to simulate the transport of carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) using meteorological fields simulated by the WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting) model driven by ERA5 reanalysis. Model performance was evaluated by comparing background-corrected modelled pollutant concentrations with measurements from eight air-quality monitoring stations in Kyiv, using several statistical metrics. Data from seven stations were provided by the Department of Environmental Protection and Climate Change Adaptation of the Kyiv City State Administration, and data from one station were provided by the SI “Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. The results showed acceptable accuracy for both models, despite the relatively large distance from the active fires (~60-70 km) and uncertainties related to other emission sources and surrounding conditions near the monitoring sites. Periods of substantial concentration increases were also well reproduced by the models.Peatland wildfires pose a significant public health hazard due to their enormous emissions of air pollutants, particularly the PM2.5 fraction. This case study is valuable due to the availability of qualitive satellite-based information, on-site documentation, and reliable air-quality measurements in Kyiv. The results indicate that the CALPUFF and HYSPLIT models can adequately reproduce smoke plume transport and dispersion when peat-fire source terms are properly parameterized, especially with respect to emission rates, and when accurate meteorological input is used.

The object of research is the processes of electromagnetic transformation in powerful asynchronous electric drives during controlled start-up and their impact on the quality of electricity in the power supply network. Distribution networks of industrial enterprises are considered, which have significant dynamic loads during the start-up of powerful machines. The problem to which the research is aimed is to ensure proper quality of electricity in distribution networks of industrial enterprises when performing controlled start-up of powerful asynchronous electric drives from soft starters based on a thyristor voltage regulator. Quantitative indicators of the influence of starting devices on the parameters of electricity quality were calculated using computer modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Soft start using a thyristor regulator, although it limits the starting current, has a negative impact on the quality of electricity in the distribution network. Reactive power consumption increases, which causes a voltage drop. For the case of starting an asynchronous motor with a capacity of 3500 kW in the network of a sintering factory, it was found that direct start causes a voltage drop of about 350 V. Harmonic voltage distortions with a distortion factor of up to 6% also appear. Power active filters allow to improve the quality of electricity by introducing antiphase currents, which is proven by the application of theoretical methods of electrical engineering. The results obtained are applicable in the design of electric drive systems of powerful mechanisms during the modernization of the power supply of industrial enterprises, in the calculation of reactive power compensation means and in the development of energy quality standards. This will significantly contribute to increasing the reliability of technological equipment, reducing energy losses, and increasing the service life of electrical equipment at the enterprise.

The water investigated in this study – generated via crystal-mediated activation and designated as Alpha Omega Water – exhibits measurable modifications in its hydrogen-bond network and in parameters associated with hydrogen-bond and related interactions. A multidisciplinary analytical framework was employed, integrating eight complementary methodologies: Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum (NES), Differential Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum (DNES), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), color corona imaging, black-white histogram analysis, color and heat mapping. NES and DNES analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in hydrogen-bond energy in Alpha Omega Water (p < 0.05), indicating a reorganization of the hydrogen-bond network. Gaussian fitting combined with bootstrap analysis (10,000 iterations) demonstrated a shift in the energy distribution toward stronger hydrogen bonding, consistent with a model-based interpretation suggesting the predominance of energetically favorable clusters of 5–6, 7–8, and 14–15 water molecules. FT–IR spectra showed enhanced resolution of O–H stretching and H–O–H bending modes, reflecting altered intermolecular interactions. Corona discharge analyses, including color imaging, brightness evaluation, and heat/color mapping, revealed elevated photon emission. In addition, increased energy density (a difference of 1.03 eV/cm2), expanded discharge area, and greater edge complexity were observed. These findings indicate modified electrical and optical discharge behavior and enhanced energetic responsivity. Collectively, these convergent results provide evidence that Alpha Omega water exhibits a more ordered and energetically enhanced molecular structure than control water, with potential implications for biological and technological applications.

An interface crack between two semi-infinite piezoelectric/piezomagnetic media under out-of-plane mechanical load and in-plane electric and magnetic fields parallel to the crack faces is examined. A portion of the faces is electrically conducting and kept at a uniform magnetic potential, while the remaining portion is electrically and magnetically permeable. The coupled fields are represented by functions analytic in the plane outside the crack. With these representations, the mixed crack-face conditions lead to a combined Dirichlet–Riemann and Hilbert boundary-value problem, which is solved in closed form for arbitrary conductive versus permeable segment lengths. The solution yields explicit expressions for stresses, electric and magnetic fields, and the crack-face sliding (displacement jump). The singular behavior at both crack tips and at the transition between conducting and permeable zones is characterized, and intensity factors are defined accordingly. Parametric results illustrate how applied electric and magnetic fields modulate the fracture driving force; in particular, suitable magnetic loading can markedly reduce the mechanical stress intensity at the permeable tip. The formulas supply benchmark data for verification and enable design guidelines for tailoring electrode coverage and field application to mitigate interface fracture. The approach provides an analytic framework for mixed electromagnetic conditions in magnetoelectroelastic interface fracture.

Safety, by definition, is a state of protection against hazards, which implies measures for reduction/evasion/exclusion of risks. Safety is relative, depending on the degree of implementation of measures in specific conditions. The concept of security should only be considered as a result of risk management. Modern risk management practice is the basic risk levels and balancing between the need to ensure a certain level of security and the economic feasibility of investment in security measures. In practice, despite the declared safety priorities, industries are balanced between investment in security and an acceptable level of risk, without considering the nature and degree of influence of security measures at the stage of their development. This method of balancing is characterized by the desire of business to formally meet the general standards of risk management in order to minimize costs, minimize social and other types of responsibility, for the sake of maximizing income, which is a common problem. This problem is particularly acute in the context of national and industrial security.

The article presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of a biopolymer gravel composite made on the basis of polylactide (PLA) and natural gravel. The developed composite is intended for filtration elements of hydrogeological wells. The biopolymer-gravel composite was tested for compressive strength. The results showed that the biopolymer gravel composite is characterized by sufficient mechanical strength and resistance to the effects of the aquatic environment, which confirms the feasibility of its use as an environmentally safe material for filtration elements of hydrogeological wells. The obtained data can be used for further optimization of the composition of the composite material and the development of new biopolymer block gravel filters of hydrogeological wells.

In this study, we compared the closed mines of the Donetsk basin of Ukraine and the Ruhr coal mining area of Germany by the conditions of mine water heat recovery. The set of criteria includes maximum thermal capacity, heat pump COP , the relation of energy gained to energy spent, potential profit of operation, and CO 2 emission reduction. The complex indicator of efficiency that comprises all these parameters was used to rank eight mine drainage stations in Ukraine and the same number in Germany. Based on the calculations for potential open-loop and closed-loop systems, we revealed statistically significant correlations between expected energy efficiency, the water temperature, and the flooding interval length for 27 mines in Ukraine and 28 mines in Germany. The average expected thermal capacity of closed-loop systems at the current water level in the mines of the two basins is similar, against the background of higher heterogeneity of geothermal conditions in Donbas and greater depths and higher temperatures in Ruhr area mines. The similarity of mining conditions and estimated energy efficiency indicators of geothermal systems for two basins is in favor of the feasibility and efficiency of such systems in Ukrainian mining sites.

This study presents a novel approach to optimizing energy consumption in rock destruction by integrating advanced design parameters of cutting elements. A hybrid experimental-computational model was developed to evaluate the specific energy of destruction () across granite, limestone, and sandstone. Key findings include energy savings of 15% in granite, 12.5% in limestone, and 13.7% in sandstone, achieved by optimizing the angle of attack – 30º, edge curvature – 0.5 mm, and applying wear-resistant DLC coatings 2500 HV. Laboratory tests, field experiments, and finite element simulations validated the model's accuracy within ±6%. The study identifies critical parameter interactions, such as angle of attack and coating hardness, reducing shear stresses and wear losses. These advancements lower operational costs by approximately $50,000 annually per excavator and extend tool life. Limitations include the limited range of rock types tested and slight simulation overestimations in abrasive sandstone. Future research should explore adaptive cutting element designs with real-time parameter adjustments using sensor-based systems and machine learning. The findings offer practical recommendations for implementing optimized tools in mining and construction, enhancing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This work bridges theoretical insights and industrial applications, providing a scalable framework for energy-efficient rock destruction.