Donetsk Botanical Garden

The aim of the present research was to study the actual, exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity of the soils of agricultural lands of the Donetsk People's Republic. The model sites were selected on lands of various degradation degrees, laid in the eastern and western parts of the Shakhtyorsk district of the Donetsk People's Republic and covered by low- and medium-humus chernozems with low and medium erosion degrees. The site with steppe vegetation (medium humus chernozem) was chosen as the control one. When studying the actual acidity index in the soils of agrocenoses of model sites, a variation in the pH values from medium acidic to medium alkaline was established. The studying of exchangeable acidity fluctuations in various sites showed a significant excess of indicators in the slope areas under wheat (3.6– 6.4 times) compared to the values of plakor soil. To the least extent, degradation processes affected the values of the exchangeable acidity of fallow sites, as well as under vegetable crops, where the excess of indicators ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 times. Hydrolytic acidity values in the areas under crops were significantly higher than hydrolytic acidity values in the control site (4–10 times). The values of hydrolytic acidity in the soils of agrocenoses under tomatoes, fallow, onions (subsurface horizon) were not reliably distinguished from the control ones, which is a positive factor for the successful cultivation of a wide range of crops.

An assessment was made of the current state of populations of Stipa pulcherrima C. Koch in natural habitats and in artifi cial steppe conditions in the Donetsk botanical garden based on an analysis of their density, age composition, and a number of integral indicators: indices of generativity, replacement, renewal, aging. It has been established that cenopopulations are most stable in conditions of slope habitats of southern exposure in sparse petrophyte-steppe and steppe phytocenoses on poorly developed or washed away soils. They are normal, mature and complete selfregulating systems with high density. Cultivation of the species in the conditions of the Donetsk botanical garden is a promising way of preserving it. The wide ecological and phytocenotic range of S. pulcherrima provided a high assessment of the success of the introduction of the species as part the artifi cial steppe. These population systems are stable, full-fl edged, predominantly mature, the age composition of which is dominated by young and mature generative individuals capable of producing viable seed offspring. Artifi cial populations occupy a stable position in natural models of real forb-fescue-feather grass steppe for a long period. They are self-regulating systems that do not depend on imports from the outside, which confi rms the effectiveness of using the method of accelerated restoration of steppe vegetation to preserve this rare species.

The dendroflora of Donetsk has been studied the species composition of trees in stands has been determined, the age structure of plantings has been analyzed, the life condition of green spaces has been assessed, as well as morphometric parameters of trees have been evaluated and models of age dependences of the allometric coefficient of trees, characterized by high indicators of adequacy to the initial data, have been proposed for the first time. As part of the linear plantings of the surveyed streets, 45 species of trees were identified, including 13 species of the indigenous fraction of the local flora belonging to 24 genera and 17 families. Dominant are Populus bolleana Lauche, Acer platanoides L., Betula pendula Roth, Acer pseudoplatanus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Picea pungens Engelm. The plantings are dominated by species of European (48,85%), North American (22,49%) and Central Asian (18,02%) origin. The most numerous in trees is the age group of 4049 years. The vital condition of 41% of trees with a fast and medium growth rate is assessed as good with minor signs of weakening, and 59% of plants are marked as severely weakened or dying. For slow-growing trees, 91% of the sample consists of healthy plants with minor signs of weakening.

In November 2021, in the exposition «Rainbow Gardens» of the Donetsk Botanical Garden on a broken maple tree of ash-leaved (<em>Acer negundo</em> L.) a rarely found macrofungus – coral-shaped blackberry (<em>Hericium coralloides</em> (Fr.) Pers.). Brief information on the distribution, conservation status and morphology of this fungus is given.

Two new species of the bristletail families Meinertellidae (Machilinus priazovicus sp. n.) and Machilidae (Silvestrichilis stepposa sp. n.) are described. Machilinus priazovicus sp. n. belongs to the “rupestris” group which includes 10 species characterized by the absence of spinelike chaetae on the 3rd article of the male maxillary palpus. Among them, M. priazovicus sp. n. seems to be particularly close to M. obscurus Kaplin, 2020, from Donetsk Province, differing from M. obscurus in relatively shorter cerci, bicolor eyes, fewer spinelike chaetae on the tibiae, in divisions of the ovipositor, and in the mandibles with four teeth. Silvestrichilis stepposa sp. n. seems to be the closest to a group of Caucasian congeners, with two parthenogenetic species among them: S. stepposa sp. n. and S. caucasica Kaplin, 2015 from Stavropol Territory. The female of S. stepposa sp. n. differs from those of the other species of the Caucasian group in more strongly rounded eyes, in a relative length of the eye contact line, in a more strongly elongate apical article of the labial palp, a weakly expanded fore femur, in the most obtuse posterior angle of the urosternites, and in the relatively longest styli of urite IX. The female of S. stepposa sp. n. is with two, against three in S. caucasica, pairs of narrow longitudinal lateral stripes of paler scales on the upper side of the body.

The paper contains data about 16 species of aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) registered in the green spaces of Donbass in 2009, 2019–2021. One species (<em>Stomaphis longirostris </em>(Fabricius, 1787)) was first recorded for the steppe zone of Eastern Europe; four species – for the steppe zone of Ukraine; 12 species – for Donbass; 15 – for Donetsk People's Republic and 14 for the urban plantings of Donbass. Two migratory aphids, namely <em>Mimeuria ulmiphila </em>(del Guercio, 1917) and <em>Pachypappa warshavensis</em> (Nasonov, 1894) were found on primary hosts, namely<em> Acer campestre</em> L. and<em> Populus alba</em> L., respectively. Among nonmigratory species, nine ones are monophages, and five are oligophages. Four species were recorded on willow (<em>Salix </em>spp.) and oak (<em>Quercus </em>spp.) each, three species on maple (<em>Acer </em>spp.), one species on beech (<em>Fagus </em>spp.), poplar (<em>Populus </em>spp.) and larch (<em>Larix sibirica</em> Ledeb.) each. Alien species include <em>Phyllaphis fagi</em> (Linnaeus, 1761) and <em>Cinara laricis</em> (Hartig, 1839).

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (sweet potato) is a popular food crop that is planted vegetatively and native to the American tropics. It is one of the most economically important crops alongside other that widely used in the world. This study was aimed to investigate the biochemical composition of plant raw material of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. It was investigated the leaves, stems, and tubers at the end of vegetation. The content of dry matter and lipids determined according to Yermakov et al. (1972), the total content of reducing sugars, tannins, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid according to Krishchenko (1983), the content of carotene according to Pleshkov (1985), total ash content and calcium by Hrytsajenko et al. (2003), phosphorus content by Pochinok (1976), and the energetic value detected on calorimeter IKA C-200. At the end of vegetation content of dry matter was from 13.00 to 25.45%, the total content of sugars from 12.32 to 34.43%, the titratable acidity from 1.82 to 5.48%, the tannin content from 0.82 to 6.96%, ascorbic acid content from 34.1 to 53.34 mg%, the content of ß-carotene from 0.238 to 0.641 mg%, lipids content from 1.89 to 6.93%, total ash content from 2.1 to 11.99%, calcium content from 0.53 to 1.86%, phosphorus content from 0.51 to 1.81%. The energetic value was in the range 3242–3623 Cal/g. Very strong positive correlation found between ß-carotene content with lipids (r = 0.837), and with phosphorus (r = 0.919); between total tannin content and titrable acidity (r = 0.845) and with ash content (r = 0.952). Plant parts of I. batatas contain functional and nutrient components that make it useful for the food industry. Obtained data can be used for the deep further biochemical, pharmacological study, and selective work. &nbsp;

As a result of the carried out studies of biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems, it was found that the largest number of microorganisms and streptomycetes it was characteristic for common chernozem. For the soil horizons of primitive undeveloped fragmented soils, was recorded the lowest percentage of the microorganisms number (on average 4-5% relative to the control). The number of streptomycetes in both intrazonal and soils of anthropogenic transformed soils and zonal soils varies in horizons. However, we have noted that in intrazonal and anthropogenic transformed soils streptomycetes are in most cases concentrated in underlying soil horizons. Our studies on micromycetes have found that this group of microscopic fungi accounts for up to 50% of the total number of microbiocenosis, with the smallest number recorded in the genetic horizons of primitive undeveloped soils on sandstone. Cellulose-destroying microorganisms in the soil microbocenosis of monitoring sites are least represented.

У статті здійснено оцінку колекційного фонду роду Dahlia Cav. Кременецького ботанічного саду. Мета роботи – аналіз колекційного фонду роду Dahlia Cav. Кременецького ботанічного саду, оцінка декоративних показників та опрацювання головних напрямів збагачення, утримання колекції й подальше впровадження в озеленення. В основу роботи покладено матеріали інтродукційних досліджень 2018 р. Фенологічні спостереження проведено за загальноприйнятою методикою в ботанічних садах.В Україні вона відома з кінця ХVIII ст. Починаючи з 50-х років ХIХ ст., дослідження розпочали в Національному ботанічному саду ім. М. М. Гришка НАН України. На сьогодні вивченням сортів роду Dahlia займаються Г. Музичук, А. Дорошенко. Колекція нараховує 231 сорт.Колекцію жоржин у ботанічному саду Львівського національного університету ім. Івана Франка започатковано в 70-х рр. минулого сторіччя. Основним джерелом отримання сортового матеріалу були ботанічні сади Білорусі, Прибалтики, м. Києва та Москви, Польщі. На сьогодні колекція жоржин становить 107 сортів, дослідження проводять Я. А. Федоровська, А. І. Прокопів.Оскільки такі дослідження в Україні є фрагментарними, уважаємо актуальним вивчення та оцінювання декоративних ознак представників роду Dahlia у Кременецькому ботанічному саду. Інтродукцію цього роду розпочато з 2017 р.Для оцінки сортового розмаїття колекційного фонду жоржин використано аналітично-порівняльний метод. В аналізі колекційного фонду дотримувалися садової класифікації жоржини, розробленої М. П. Ященком.Наведено результати щодо розподілу рослин за групами. Відображено сорти колекції за головними кольорами: червоний (R) наявний у трьох культиварів різних садових груп, оранжевий (Or) – у восьми, темно-червоний (DkR) – в одного сорту, лавандовий, фіолетовий (L) – у двох, рожевий (Pk) – у двох, двоколірне забарвлення (Bi) мають вісім сортів, біле (W) – один, жовте (Y) – два, темний бленд (LB і DB) – два сорти. Досліджені сорти жоржин є перспективними для вирощування в умовах культури. Поповнення колекції роду Dahlia залишається основним завданням науково-колекційної роботи як способу збереження й збагачення рослинного різноманіття. Використання жоржин під час озеленення території дачної ділянки відіграє значну роль для досягнення запланованих декоративного та естетичного ефектів.

As a result of the carried out researches it is established that the block of cellulosedestroying microorganisms is the least presented in a microbocenosis of soils of monitoring sites. The maximum number of microorganisms of this group is characteristic of soils with obviously expressed humus-accumulative horizon. Increase of cellulosolytic activity of edafotop is recorded for primitive sedimentary undeveloped soils and the chernozem usual.