Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs

The topic of the paper was the philosophical and psychological foundations of social responsibility and ethics, and the subject was the component composition of social responsibility and ethics in the philosophical and psychological context. The purpose of the article was to empirically clarify the philosophical and psychological foundations of social responsibility and ethics. The research methodology included the following steps: the development of a questionnaire containing clarification of the features of social responsibility and ethics in a philosophical and psychological context; formation of a sample of students of higher educational institutions of Ukraine; collection of results using Google forms; mathematical calculation of the obtained results; formation and characteristics of groups of students in accordance with the peculiarities of the perception of social responsibility and ethics as a philosophical and psychological phenomenon. The structure of social responsibility and ethics includes ten components: cognitive; worldview; axiological; behavioural; sensual; communicative; social; cultural; national; historical. It is shown that behavioural features and socio-cultural background are the most important for the formation of social responsibility and ethics, sensory and communicative features, as well as the historical basis, are the least important. For a clearer understanding of the peculiarities of the studied phenomenon, a cluster analysis was carried out. It was revealed that variants of the interpretation of social consciousness and ethics can be divided into four clusters: the form of manifestation of individual behaviour; a form of manifestation of socially determined behaviour; form of manifestation of individual consciousness; a form of manifestation of social consciousness. The results obtained are the first step towards analysing the phenomenon of social responsibility and ethics. The following research ideas are related to a comparative analysis of the understanding of social responsibility and ethics by representatives of different social, age and national groups.

Inheritance laws are fundamental components of legal systems worldwide, shaping the transfer of wealth and property from one generation to the next. In Ukraine, the legal framework governing inheritance is delineated by the Civil Code and ancillary statutes. This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of inheritance law in Ukraine, aiming to elucidate its complexities and practical implications. Drawing upon a rich array of legal sources, including the Civil Code of Ukraine and relevant scholarly literature, the study delves into various dimensions of inheritance law. It navigates through the historical evolution of inheritance practices, tracing their origins from ancient customs to contemporary legal regimes. By examining the historical context, the article illuminates how societal values and cultural norms have shaped the development of inheritance law over time. Central to the discussion are the principles governing inheritance rights and obligations. Through a meticulous analysis of legal provisions, the article delineates the rights of heirs, the process of inheritance succession, and the mechanisms for protecting inherited assets. It underscores the importance of ensuring fairness and equity in the distribution of inheritance, while also recognizing the autonomy of individuals to dispose of their assets through wills. Moreover, the study explores the intricacies of inheritance procedures in Ukraine, including the determination of heirs, the acceptance or rejection of inheritance, and the resolution of disputes over inherited property. It examines the role of legal entities, such as the state, in the inheritance process and considers the implications of cross-border inheritance cases. Beyond the theoretical framework, the article delves into the practical ramifications of inheritance law. It discusses the challenges and complexities faced by individuals and families in navigating the inheritance process, including issues related to will validity, disputes among heirs, and the protection of inherited assets. Ultimately, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of inheritance law in Ukraine, shedding light on its legal principles, procedural intricacies, and practical implications. By elucidating the complexities of inheritance law, the study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on legal succession and property rights, while also informing legal practice and policy development in Ukraine and beyond.

This comprehensive study delves into the inheritance laws of Ukraine and Poland, shedding light on their common features and distinguishing factors. In an era of increasing cross-border estates and globalized family structures, understanding the intricacies of inheritance laws in these two nations is of paramount importance. The analysis begins by exploring shared legal terminology and concepts, such as "testament," "intestate succession," and the emphasis on family and kinship in determining inheritance rights. Both countries provide provisions for disinheritance under specific circumstances and establish succession rights for spouses and children, underscoring the significance of familial relationships. However, significant disparities emerge in several key areas. Variations in inheritance taxation structures are evident, with Ukraine employing preferential tax rates for close relatives, while Poland bases taxation on asset value. Formalities for creating valid wills diverge; Ukraine allows for simple handwritten wills, while Poland demands more formal notarial requirements. Ukraine's forced heirship provisions safeguard certain family members' minimum entitlement to the estate, a contrast to Poland's absence of strict forced heirship. The study underlines the influence of socio-economic factors, with Ukraine's post-Soviet heritage and Poland's transition from communism shaping their respective legal landscapes. It offers crucial policy recommendations, including the harmonization of inheritance taxation structures, balanced forced heirship provisions, and guidelines for cross-border estate planning. In an increasingly interconnected world, the need to harmonize inheritance laws becomes evident, ensuring fairness, predictability, and the protection of individual and familial interests. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of inheritance laws in Ukraine and Poland, providing valuable insights for individuals, legal practitioners, and policymakers navigating cross-border estate planning and succession cases.

систем та/або комп'ютерних мереж, мереж електрозв'язку, а на суспільні відносини з огляду заволодіння майном або правом на це майно. Тому предметом досліджуваного виду шахрайства не може бути електроннообчислювальні машини (комп'ютери), автоматизовані системи та/або комп'ютерні мережі, мережі електрозв'язку. У висновках акцентовано увагу на необхідності адаптації правоохоронних органів до швидкозмінюючого кіберпростору та використанні новітніх технологій для протидії шахрайствам.

Human rights are fundamental to any just and equitable society. However, under martial law conditions, protecting them can be a challenge. However, in practice the situation of internal armed conflicts and violence is the largest threat and obstacle to their implementation. Hence, the perspective to the protection of the right to life during an armed conflict is based predominantly on the norms and regulations of international humanitarian law, which safeguard protection only to persons thereunder. The purpose of this article is to work out the priority measures for the protection of human rights in the conditions of martial law drawing on the insight into the foreign experience. To address the said goal, the present article utilized cognitive dialectical methods, the method of idealization, formalization and modeling of the response strategy in case of human rights violation. Because of the conducted study, a response strategy was elaborated in case of human rights violations under war conditions. The findings of this article are important for lawyers, public officials, and civil society organizations working to protect human rights under conditions of martial law, seek to administer the standards and practices of international regulation of universal human and citizen rights in individual administrative cases.

The relevance of the problem under study is the future development of legal culture as an element of the legal system. Search engines found 2,500 articles from 2018 to 2023. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion process, 22 articles published in well-known databases and peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected for review. Legal culture issues were found to be actively discussed by scholars in different areas of law. These scientific developments were conditioned by the world changes, scientific and technological progress, development of information technologies, artificial intelligence, climatic and natural conditions, military actions, political and economic situation of some countries, mastery of space. Legal culture in such circumstances cannot remain at one level, it must develop and adjust to these circumstances. The purpose of this research was to identify future directions of development of legal culture of the future and factors influencing it. To achieve the goal, the legal, economic, sociological, technological scientific literature of 2018-2023 was analyzed. Main results. With the help of the analysis of scientific data literature, it was found that legal culture is a legal, social, philosophical, psychological phenomenon that works through a multi-level interaction of elements of the legal system. It was established that the basis of the legal culture of the future will be the formation of legal consciousness of both individuals and certain social and professional groups and legal issues in the field of information technology, artificial intelligence, space law, medical law and vaccination, nature conservation. The practical significance of the results lies in the rule-making process, practice and science.

<p>The article examines M. Shelley’s «Frankenstein» as an example of the so-called second wave of English gothic novel. M. Shelley’s talent hides not only in the skill of an unexpected and horrifying plot but also in the depth of ethic problems touched. M. Shelley skillfully deals with the aspects of human’s responsibility in the case of interfering with nature’s processes. M. Shelley’s creative method is a combination of romantic gothic trend and has many features of the Enlightment philosophy.</p> <p>The literary image created by M. Shelley was widely used in Masscult in which the character has nothing in common with the author’s idea. The «creature» is typically introduced as a monster. When the character of a book begins living its own life, it separates from its creator (this aspect in this study is particularly relevant). Then the author's intention may be different from the same author's vision and interpretation</p> <p>The article examines M. Shelley’s «Frankenstein» as an example of the so-called second wave of English gothic novel. M. Shelley’s talent hides not only in the skill of an unexpected and horrifying plot but also in the depth of ethic problems touched. M. Shelley skillfully deals with the aspects of human’s responsibility in the case of interfering with nature’s processes. M. Shelley’s creative method is a combination of romantic gothic trend and has many features of the Enlightment philosophy. </p> <p>The literary image created by M. Shelley was widely used in Masscult in which the character has nothing in common with the author’s idea. The «creature» is typically introduced as a monster. When the character of a book begins living its own life, it separates from its creator (this aspect in this study is particularly relevant). Then the author's intention may be different from the same author's vision and interpretation</p>

The purpose of this article is to define the concept and classification of non-bank financial institutions. Subject of the research – concept and classification of non-bank financial institutions. The concept of a non-banking financial institution is presented; the characteristics of a financial institution are defined; the classification of non-banking financial institutions has been carried out; the classification of financial intermediaries has been carried out; the concept of investment funds is defined; the classification of NFIs by lending method has been carried out; the functions performed by financial intermediaries between creditor and borrower are defined; the concept of a credit union is presented. Credit unions are a relatively new and under-studied type of financial institution. Looking at them in the context of the system of subjects of administrative law, it should be noted that they occupy a special place because, thanks to them and their activities, the state in a certain way performs its functions and tasks. Credit unions do not exist in a legal vacuum, they are not completely separated from the state, they are not subject to regulation by only one branch of the law, nor are they the subject of research in only one branch of the law. Credit unions are in constant close interaction with the state, its bodies, systematically feel its influence or the influence of the legal and political processes taking place in the state. Methodology – the article uses general scientific methods of formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction and modelling). Results. The concept of a non-banking financial institution is defined – as a legal entity that is not a bank, has a special legal status of a financial intermediary, is registered in the Unified State Register of Financial Institutions on the basis of a licence issued by the National Bank of Ukraine, provides one or more financial services in the markets of insurance, credit cooperatives, accumulating pension funds, attracting investments from business entities and the population; has been classified as a non-banking financial institution; has demonstrated that important elements of the system of administrative and legal regulation and supervision are in place: requirements for reporting by NFIs, conducting scheduled and unscheduled inspections of their activities and ensuring compliance with legal requirements, in particular by applying certain influence measures in case of detection of violations of legislation.

<p>Дотепер воєнні дії на території України — головна проблема національної економіки держави. Вторгнення Росії завдає потужного удару економіці країни загалом, а також величезних збитків інфраструктурі, об’єктам соціальної та комунальної сфери, виробничим об’єктам, що є спробою повного знищення незалежності України. У статті досліджено сучасні проблеми, що виникли в публічному управлінні економікою в Україні в умовах військової агресії. Однією з основних проблем публічного управління економікою в Україні є недостатня стабільність і прогнозованість економічної ситуації. Актуальність досліджуваної проблеми полягала в змінах, яких зазнав роздрібний ринок України й постачальники товарів народного споживання внаслідок російської агресії.   Розглянуто основні виклики й проблеми, з якими стикається українська економіка в умовах окупації частини території та військової агресії, як-от падіння виробництва й збуту товарів, зниження інвестицій і втрата ринків збуту, збільшення бюджетних витрат на військові потреби та зменшення соціальних витрат й інші. У статті також проаналізовано вплив російської військової агресії на фінансову стабільність і курс національної валюти, на сільське господарство і промисловість, на міжнародні економічні відносини й інші аспекти економічного розвитку України. Розглянуто можливості для реформування публічного управління економікою для забезпечення сталого розвитку й зниження залежності від зовнішніх факторів. Також визначено можливі шляхи подолання всіх указаних проблем і забезпечення сталого розвитку економіки в Україні. Важливо в умовах воєнного часу в Україні  забезпечити стійкість економіки через ефективне врядування, що сприятиме переходу до етапу повоєнного відновлення, а згодом інтеграції в Європейський Союз.</p>

The aim of this study was to examine the optimal types and measures of legal liability for crimes in the field of illicit trade in pharmaceuticals in the conditions of the СОVID-19 pandemic. The research used methods of systematic approach, descriptive analysis, synthesis and prognosis, systematic and formal legal and comparative selection. It has been established that illicit trade in pharmaceuticals is carried out by organized criminal groups and is related to corruption and cybercrime. Also, the article has revealed typical legal flaws, which complicate international cooperation in this field and lead to non-compliance with international standards of criminalization and imposition of sanctions for illegal circulation of counterfeit medicines. All this leads to the conclusion that the illicit trade in pharmaceuticals manifests itself in a series of offenses for which administrative or criminal liability must be foreseen. Equally promising is the development of a model for law enforcement activity that includes criminalization of trade in low-quality, unregistered and counterfeit pharmaceuticals, according to international standards; proportional punishments for natural persons and influence measures for legal persons and compensation for their victims.