Duro Felguera (Spain)

Introduction: Training in mass casualty incidents (MCI) usually requires complex drills and great logistical effort. For years, different teaching groups have used tabletop simulation exercises in training activities to improve response to mass casualty incidents. It is difficult to find affordable tabletop games that fulfill training requirements. Methods: We used the “Double Diamond” methodology from the innovation field of knowledge. There are four stages: 1) Discovery or identification of needs; 2) Definition, in which we specify the challenges on which we will focus; and 3) Development. Generation of ideas as solutions to the identified challenges and then testing their implementation; and 4) Delivery, in which the designed solution is put into operation. Results: We identified that there is a need for a tabletop game for MCI to be easy to get. After ten years of using basic and rudimentary tabletop games, we have defined the needs. In a one-year project, we developed the game with the premise of being easily transported and at a reduced production cost. “MassCas” game can simulate many different scenarios (collapse buildings, fires, terrorist attacks, road accidents, rain accidents, mass gatherings, etc), risks (fire, explosion, chemical spills, active shooter, etc), and resources (different types of ambulances, rescue teams, police, etc). We have also developed patients with the possibility to identify life-saving interventions (tourniquet, pneumothorax drainage, and oropharyngeal device). Conclusion: We have designed a tabletop game that is easy to transport at a reduced cost, adaptable to providers’ needs (emergency teams, primary health care teams, etc.), and able to simulate many different scenarios. This study has been partially financed by the Foundation for Biosanitary Research and Innovation of the Principality of Asturias (FINBA), the managing entity of the Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA).

Abstract Endocrine regulation and hormonal responses determine the capacity of an organism to cope with changing environmental conditions, such as variable or extreme temperatures. Hormones can also be regarded as “sensors” for environmental signals and as indicators of an organism's or populations' fitness. The levels of glucocorticoid hormones, such as corticosterone, are generally used as biomarkers for physiological stress and metabolic rate variations, while thyroid hormones (i.e., triiodothyronine—T3) are regarded as indicators of nutritional and thermal stress in birds. The Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) is an endangered galliform adapted to cold weather, and its population is in steep decline. This study used a noninvasive approach to assess hormone levels in the Pyrenean Capercaillie, in a first attempt to understand how hormone levels may respond to certain environmental variables. We determined the corticosterone and T3 levels in 139 freshly molted covert feathers of 113 Pyrenean Capercaillies (80 from Spain and 33 from France) using enzyme immunoassays. The relationships between hormone levels and several biotic and abiotic variables were assessed. Our findings showed that corticosterone levels were lower in feathers found further away from areas of human leisure activity (i.e., cycling trails). Lower corticosterone levels were also found in certain biogeographical areas (i.e., Northern Pyrenees and Pre‐Pyrenees), suggesting that corticosterone levels may respond to certain climate‐related variables (such as precipitation or temperature). Conversely, T3 levels were influenced by sex and feather length, but did not correlate with any of the environmental variables. The lack of statistically significant differences in corticosterone and T3 in relation to the types of covert feathers analyzed facilitates the collection process for noninvasive studies. Additional hormonal studies could provide essential data to understand the level of endocrine flexibility of the Pyrenean Capercaillie in response to external variables, which may ultimately define the species' resilience to climate change and other drivers of environmental variation.

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar de las diversas formas en que el fraude publicitario digital se manifiesta dentro del ecosistema de redes sociales en Colombia, prestando especial atención a las experiencias y estrategias que los creadores de contenido han desarrollado para identificar, enfrentar y mitigar este fenómeno, a través de un enfoque cualitativo, de diseño fenomenológico y de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados revelan el impacto que tiene el contenido preventivo de los influencers emprendedores como acción de aprendizaje para que el consumidor evite ser estafado, creando cadenas comunicativas y preventivas relevantes en los espacios de interacción digital.

International audience

Los videojuegos están consolidándose como una forma de entretenimiento, y los jóvenes cada vez dedican más tiempo a ellos. Sin embargo, las narrativas presentes en algunos videojuegos, especialmente aquellos basados en aventuras y temáticas históricas, no siempre se corresponden con la realidad. Esto puede dar lugar a que algunos errores de tipo artístico, histórico o geográfico se incorporen al aprendizaje informal de los jugadores más jóvenes. Esto no implica que estos juegos no puedan ser utilizados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en diversos niveles educativos. Cada vez más, los docentes los utilizamos para motivar a nuestros estudiantes. No obstante, no siempre los docentes poseemos conocimientos suficientes para analizar su rigor y podemos utilizarlos de manera inadecuada. Ante la falta de estudios en este sentido, presentamos los resultados de nuestro análisis sobre la verosimilitud geográfica y monumental de un videojuego, delimitando su rigor y mostrando algunos de los resultados obtenidos para ayudar a los profesores que deseen utilizarlo

Group living is an important behavioral feature in some species of mammals, although somewhat uncommon in the Order Carnivora. Wolves Canis lupus are highly social and cooperative carnivores that live in family groups, i.e. packs. The number of wolves in a pack affects social, reproductive and predatory behavior, thus conditioning population dynamics. Despite its relevance to management decisions, pack size has not been thoroughly studied in populations inhabiting human dominated landscapes such as the Iberian Peninsula. We estimated variation of wolf pack size from 1990 to 2018 in northern Spain, both in winter and summer. Winter data corresponded to direct observations and snow tracking at 42 localities (n = 253 data, 160 pack-years), whereas summer data corresponded to observations at rendezvous sites at 22 localities (n = 237 data, 43 pack-years). We estimated average pack size from the largest number of wolves recorded at each locality and year. Winter pack size averaged 4.2 ± 1.7 (mean ± SD) individuals. At summer rendezvous sites adult/subadult wolves (older than one year) averaged 3.1 ± 1.3 individuals, whereas pups averaged 4.0 ± 1.9. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that pack size declined through the winter from 4.9 (4.2–5.6, 95% CI) wolves in November to 3.8 (2.9–4.9, 95% CI) wolves in April. We found no trend in pack size, neither in winter nor in summer. We discuss our results compared with other studies and populations worldwide, and its usefulness to comprehend the dynamics of this vulnerable population.

AimThis study aimed to investigate whether different levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in prediabetes are associated with hyperfiltration.MethodsA prospective cohort of 2,022 individuals aged 30–74 years took part in the PREDAPS Study. One cohort of 1,184 participants with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 participants with normal FPG and normal HbA1c were followed for 5 years. Hyperfiltration was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) above the age- and gender-specific 95th percentile for healthy control participants, while hypofiltration was defined as an eGFR below the 5th percentile. The prevalence of hyperfiltration was compared for different levels of prediabetes: level 1 of prediabetes: FPG <100 mg/dL plus HbA1c 5.7–6.0% or FPG 100–109 mg/dL plus HbA1c < 5.7%; level 2 of prediabetes: FPG <100 mg/dL plus HbA1c 6.1–6.4% or FPG 100–109 mg/dL plus HbA1c 5.7–6.0% or FPG 110–125 mg/dL plus HbA1c <5.7% and level 3 of prediabetes: FPG 100–109 mg/dL plus HbA1c 6.1–6.4% or FPG 110–125 mg/dL plus HbA1c 5.7–6.4%.ResultsThe participants with hyperfiltration were significantly younger, had a higher percentage of active smokers, and lower levels of hemoglobin and less use of ACEIs or ARBs.Only level 3 prediabetes based on FPG 100–109 mg/dL plus HbA1c 6.1–6.4% or FPG 110–125 mg/dL plus HbA1c 5.7–6.4% had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of hyperfiltration (OR 1.69 (1.05–2.74); P < 0.001) compared with no prediabetes (FPG < 100 mg/dL and HbA1c < 5.7%) after adjustment for different factors. The odds ratios for different levels of HbA1c alone in prediabetes increased progressively, but not significantly.ConclusionsLevel 3 of prediabetes based on FPG 100–109 mg/dL plus HbA1c 6.1–6.4% or FPG 110–125 mg/dL plus HbA1c 5.7–6.4% had a significantly higher OR of hyperfiltration compared with participants without prediabetes.

The purpose of Sinter plants is to heat iron ore fines along with fluxes and coke fines or coal, to produce a semi-molten mass that solidifies into porous pieces of sinter with the needed size and strength. Fluxes used in the sintering process need to have an appropriate size distribution and TI to avoid generation of fines, which could reduce the productivity of the Sinter. Besides, a homogeneous chemical composition and high absorption characteristics are necessary to control the basicity and to combine the flux with P, S, Si, etc, respectively. PASEK Dunite is an ultramaphic rock exploited in the north of Spain with a basic chemical classification, being olivine and serpentine its principal minerals. It is a very homogeneous and hard stone and its main characteristics are: high hot and cold resistance to mechanical stresses, softening and melting points of a flux not of a refractory material. In addition, due to its mechanical and chemical properties, less fines are generated in the sintering process and during the handling and transportation to the blast furnace, improving the productivity of these processes. In this way, the use of PASEK Dunite allows increasing the homogeneity structure of sinter, reducing the percentage of return fines and improving the Sinter productivity.