E-T-A Elektrotechnische Apparate (Germany)

A Stafne bone defect is a cavity in the mandible. There is controversy regarding the cause of this defect, but imaging findings offer important diagnostic contributions. The aim of this report is to present the tomographic findings of a rare case of an extensive bone defect in the anterior mandible. A 55-year-old man was seen at a dental service for oral rehabilitation with dental implants. He was asymptomatic. Panoramic radiography revealed an oval, delimited radiolucency of cystic and regular appearance encompassing the area from the apex of tooth 26 to tooth 29; the major axis was parallel to the base of the mandible. Multislice computed tomography showed a cavity with heterogeneous content and the following measurements: buccal-lingual width/depth, 1.0 cm; anteroposterior width, 1.38 cm; height, 1.54 cm; area, 0.94 cm²; volume, 2.14 cm3; and attenuation coefficient ± standard deviation, 19.86±91.27 HU. These data confirmed the diagnosis of an anterior variant of Stafne bone defect. The size of a Stafne bone defect needs to be considered when planning implant-supported rehabilitation and other interventions in the affected area. Recognition and definitive diagnosis of this condition are essential, particularly with increasing use of rehabilitation treatments with osseointegrated implants.

Fault detection in DC grids requires new concepts for the design of protection devices. A promising concept for predictive circuit protection is model based learning, e.g. Kalman estimation. It requires detailed system models of electrical circuits. An established modeling technique in circuit theory is the wave digital principle which preserves circuit passivity and stability. This contribution combines both ideas and derives a Kalman filter in the wave digital domain.

With an increasing number of DC driven components in power networks, the introduction of 380V DC distribution grids appears to be a valuable option. Besides all positive aspects of DC systems (e.g. high efficiency, the absence of reactive power, etc.), system protection represents the major challenge which needs to be clarified for DC systems. Advanced AC protection equipment's and methodologies are not sufficient in DC environments. In the current research, fault analysis of 380V DC-Microgrid was performed using PSCAD software. Fault behavior was tested with the application of faults at different locations. All components were connected to the grid through two smart switchgears' which incorporated current and voltage sensors. The recorded data were analyzed and current derivatives were identified as the most crucial parameters for fault detection. Based on that, a credit point concept was set up to filter derivative oscillations in regular operating conditions and to standardize fault indicating values.

Circuit breakers have been equipped with external permanent magnets to investigate their breaking behavior at DC voltage. The breaking operations were conducted at voltages up to 450 VDC and prospective currents from 10 A to 5000 A. The time constants 0 ms, 1 ms and 3 ms were adjusted. In comparison, breaking operations without permanent magnet were conducted to analyze the influence of the permanent magnetic field. Additionally, the arcing behavior was observed with a high-speed camera.

Today it has become a general requirement to start up complex machinery and equipment quickly and easily despite conceptions growing ever more complex and to re-configure systems already in use without downtimes. Ease of connection is requested even in locations difficult to access, providing easy retrofit capability and reducing maintenance and servicing costs.

Comment la Régence gère-t-elle l’héritage du Roi Soleil? en Alsace? Reprise en main ? Libéralisation ? L’étude des pièces conservées aux Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères à Paris montre, dans le domaine strictement religieux, une réelle volonté de reprise en main. C’est surtout le problème des nationalités qui focalise l’attention des administrateurs, du fait que l’Alsace est une région-frontière. Si le cardinal Gaston de Rohan apparaît comme une pièce essentielle sur l’échiquier francophile, il faut souligner l’ampleur de l’inertie structurelle catholique. La remarquable résistance protestante oblige par ailleurs à composer. Dès lors se détache la personnalité de l’intendant d’Angervilliers, remarquable homme politique, recherchant en toutes circonstances le juste équilibre.

The concept and experimental results to manufacture electrical-optical circuit boards (EOCB) with buried optical waveguides using thin-glass sheets (display glass) are presented. An ion-exchange process was developed to manufacture the graded index waveguides in thin-glass sheets. Besides of their excellent optical properties no mechanical structuring is necessary for the waveguides. Their properties were simulated and experimentally validated. The circuit board assembly is presented, as well as the concept developed for the optical coupling in the module-to-board and board-to- backplane coupling, and the assembly of the pluggable electrical-optical module itself is described.

A new-generation interconnect for optical backplane systems based on printed circuits board is presented for transmitting data via integrated multimode polymer optical waveguides both on electro-optical transmitter/receiver processing boards and on optical backplane board. Different developments concerning this system such as optical waveguide technology, transmitter/receiver module activities, and optical interconnect/coupling concepts are discussed.