ENVItech Bohemia (Czechia)

With attention increasing regarding the level of air pollution in different metropolitan and industrial areas worldwide, interest in expanding the monitoring networks by low-cost air quality sensors is also increasing. Although the role of these small and affordable sensors is rather supplementary, determination of the measurement uncertainty is one of the main questions of their applicability because there is no certificate for quality assurance of these non-reference technologies. This paper presents the results of almost one-year field testing measurements, when the data from different low-cost sensors (for SO2, NO2, O3, and CO: Cairclip, Envea, FR; for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10: PMS7003, Plantower, CHN, and OPC-N2, Alphasense, UK) were compared with co-located reference monitors used within the Czech national ambient air quality monitoring network. The results showed that in addition to the given reduced measurement accuracy of the sensors, the data quality depends on the early detection of defective units and changes caused by the effect of meteorological conditions (effect of air temperature and humidity on gas sensors and effect of air humidity with condensation conditions on particle counters), or by the interference of different pollutants (especially in gas sensors). Comparative measurement is necessary prior to each sensor’s field applications.

The technological parameters, by which the concentration of nitrogen containing compounds can be reduced to 75 % in the process of purification of the waste water from methane tanks after the process of the anaerobic fermentation of the poultry remainder were determined. The influence of the co­substrate structure on the change of the concentration of nitrogen compounds in wastewater in the process of obtaining biogas from the remainder was shown. The co­substrate, which contains more lignin, contributes to double increase in the content of ammonium ions, in relation to the substrates, the content of lignin in which does not exceed 25 %; besides, it does not increase the content of organic compounds in wastewater. The lower content of lignin leads to the fact that the content of organic substances in wastewater is 70 % higher. The technological parameters (time of hydraulic retention, the ratio of the flows in the process of wastewater purification) of the anaerobic­aerobic process of wastewater purification were defined. The obtained laboratory results provide an opportunity to develop the technology of the anaerobic fermentation of the wastes of livestock breeding industry with wastewater reusing in the technological process of anaerobic waste processing. This technology is attractive in cases when in the process of fermentation it is necessary to add water for bringing the content of the methane tank to the optimum humidity; the fermentation of poultry breeding wastes is a good example of such use.

This paper presents the development cycle of complex real-time applications. The paper demonstrates how the different steps involved in the creation of complex control system are achieved in a cost effective way using state of the art development tools involving an open-source real-time operating system. Starting at model creation, ending at results analysis, the different aspect of development is covered. A concrete application of a power electronics controller are presented to illustrate the paper