ESE:O

El consumo de alcohol y drogas en estudiantes del sistema escolar chileno se inicia cada vez a más temprana edad. Por este motivo, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de actores educativos sobre la puesta en práctica de dispositivos destinados a regular este tipo de prácticas. Debido a que se carece de estudios que muestren la percepción de los actores educativos sobre la implementación de protocolos de convivencia escolar en conductas de consumo de alcohol y/o drogas en establecimientos educacionales, el objetivo del estudio es comprender la percepción de actores educativos sobre protocolos de actuación asociados al reglamento de convivencia escolar en consumo de alcohol y/o drogas en establecimientos escolares chilenos. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron un total de 6 informantes que se desempeñaban dos establecimientos de la zona centro-sur de Chile. Los resultados muestran una percepción inconsistente sobre la socialización de los protocolos de actuación. Se percibe positivamente el funcionamiento de los protocolos de actuación, aunque se reconoce que el alcance es insuficiente para orientar un trabajo preventivo sobre las conductas de consumo.

Old open clusters are useful tools to study the Galactic disk properties, both present and past. Populous samples with properties determined both accurately and homogenously are necessary to draw reliable conclusions. We present here our recent work in the field and introduce and discuss results on metallicities.

Rapidly convergent, unsubtracted dispersion relations have been used to test coupled channel analyses of low-energy S = -1 meson-baryon pi Y --> pi Y' channels. We conclude that the low-energy S = -1 meson-baryon sector is less well known than currently believed, and that it deserves more accurate experiments and analyses.

The steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We have characterized the disease-causing mutations in the 21-hydroxylase genes of 63 patients with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia from a Chilean population of Hispanic origin, a group that has been scarcely evaluated. Using allele-specific PCR, lesions were identified in 97 chromosomes out of 126 tested (77%). The most frequent findings were the gene deletion or large gene conversion (LGC) = 22.9%, I2 splice = 19%, R357W = 12.7%, and Q319X = 10.5%. We did not find alleles with the mutation F308insT and we found three alleles with the cluster E6. The frequency of the point mutation R357W was at least two times more frequent than the one found in Caucasians populations, but similar to that communicated in Asian populations; this finding may be explained by the Asian ancestry of our South-Amerindian population. The frequency of Q319X was also high, similar only to those patients studied in Italy and in a neighboring Argentinian population. In summary, this is a genetic characterization of 21OHD made in an almost pure Hispanic population in Latin America. The high frequency of deletion of CYP21B gene, I2 splice, R357W, and Q319X mutations probably reflects the European-Caucasian-Spanish influence of the conquerors, mixed with Amerindians of Asian ancestry and modulated by other European immigrations.