Edge Technologies (United States)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has shown promise for the detection of threatened and endangered species and has been implemented for monitoring aquatic spawning events. Freshwater unionid mussels exhibit a rare form of mitochondrial inheritance, in which males possess a unique mitochondrial mitotype that is divergent from the female mitotype. As freshwater mussels are spermcasters, the detection of male mitotype eDNA may provide critical conservation information related to timing of sperm release. This study re-purposed an existing eDNA metabarcoding dataset to detail the unique detection of eDNA pertaining to the male mitotype. Water samples collected alongside an extensive mussel salvage within the Walhonding River, Ohio, detected 16 distinct male mitotypes. However, several constraints limit the proper interpretation of these detections. There is currently a lack of reporting on assay compatibility with the male mitotype within freshwater mussel eDNA literature. Reference genetic databases are critically lacking, with only four of the 16 male eDNA sequences in this study able to be discerned to a species. This study highlights the importance of detailing these detections as the unique inheritance system provides opportunities to document difficult to record spawning behaviors, and eDNA may be employed as a survey tool to evaluate patterns of metapopulation geneflow.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme has funded the SENS4ICE (Sensors for Certifiable Hybrid Architectures for Safer Aviation in Icing Environment) project [<span class="xref">1</span>], an innovative approach for the development and testing of new sensors for the detection of supercooled large droplets (SLD). SLD may impinge behind the protected surfaces of aircraft and therefore represents a threat to aviation safety. The newly developed sensors will be tested in combination with an indirect detection method on two aircraft, in two parallel flight programs: One on the Embraer Phenom 300 in the U.S. and one on the ATR-42 in Europe.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this framework the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center) is in charge of the airborne measurements and data evaluation of the microphysical properties of clouds encountered during the SENS4ICE field campaigns in February, March and April 2023. We present the instrumentation that is used in the flight experiments for the characterization of icing environments and for the validation and performance assessment of new sensors for the detection and discrimination of Appendix O and Appendix C conditions [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>].</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Further, with partners from Centre Europeen De Recherche Et De Formation Avancee En Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), the German Weather Service (DWD), the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) and Leading Edge Atmospherics (LEA), we present the considerations that were undertaken to find the best campaign location with highest frequency of icing occurrence on a climatological basis, taking into account the safety requirements of the aircraft. Four data sets of icing conditions based on various meteorological input data (model and observations) have been analyzed to provide an overview of the occurrence of icing. The data give a good impression on the geographical and vertical distribution of icing conditions above Europe and the Northern U.S. in general and specifically at higher altitudes (> 750 hPa or 8000ft) for the European campaign. We find enhanced icing frequencies between 1 to 5% at altitudes between 2 and 6 km even in the spring, summer and autumn months above Europe.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">We show highlights from selected individual cases from the North American test campaign performed in February and March 2023. The analysis gives a first impression of the extensive data set of icing conditions made available by the SENS4ICE project for sensor evaluation and for validation of satellite observations and model forecasts.</div></div>

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ABSTRACT This study investigated how futsal players deal visually with information in interpersonal coordination scenarios when making decisions on shooting. The sample consisted of thirty-two sequences of play, ranging from 0.36 to 5.28 seconds in length, in which 32 experienced players – men (M = 19.36, SD = 1.32) – performed a shot wearing Tobii Glasses 2 eye-tracking, across 18 futsal games. Relative angles formed by the interaction of a shooter to the defender closest to him/her and the goalkeeper were used to capture interpersonal coordination for shooting. Variability in visual search was calculated on the basis of the number of times “quiet eyes” changed over the course of the sequence of play. The results showed that variabilities in the third (2.80) and fourth (5.37) quartiles of ball possession time were higher than those of the first (1.55) and second (1.70) quartiles. They also revealed that variabilities in visual search did not differ in relation to the magnitude, velocity and variability of the relative angles. It was concluded that the longer the ball possession time, the greater the variability in visual search. It would appear that through visual search, players look for the same – optimal – angular interpersonal relationship.

Abstract To test methods used for converting observations of acoustic backscatter to estimates of the volume and transport of free gas escaping the seabed, a bubble generator has been constructed and used at sea. The bubble generator creates individual bubbles of the sizes commonly associated with methane seeps, 1–5-mm radii, which can be released at preplanned rates. The bubble generator was deployed off the coast of New Hampshire at a depth of 55 m, and acoustic backscatter between 16 and 24 kHz was collected from a shipboard echo sounder while transiting over the rising bubbles. Bubble sizes and compositions (either Ar or N2) were known at the source. A model for bubble evolution, accounting for changes in bubble size and composition due to hydrostatic pressure and gas diffusion across the gas–liquid boundary, was coupled with an acoustic target strength (TS) model to generate predictions of the acoustic backscatter from bubbles that had risen to different depths. These predictions were then compared with experimental observation. Good agreement between prediction and observation was found in most cases, with the exception of the largest (4 mm) gas bubbles at depths of 30 m or less. The exact cause of this bias is unknown, but may be due to incorrect assumptions in models for the bubble TS, rise velocity, or mass transfer rate.

Few organizations are highly successful with strategic initiatives. To help to overcome this disappointing record, it is beneficial to approach strategic planning and execution through a talent development lens. Ultimately, strategic initiatives fall short of expectation because of flaws in either the strategy itself or its execution. Eight common issues are among the ingredients that are often lacking in strategy; these missing pieces are identified, as well as suggested remedies that would lead to better strategic outcomes. Two strategy development frameworks are offered that facilitate the integration of the talent lens into strategic efforts. Strategy depends on the talents and processes of an organization as it designs and implements strategic initiatives. Perhaps the most important strategy of all is to take steps to ensure the ongoing growth and maturation of the people who design and implement strategy.