Edward Waters University

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity. There are several endotypes of which allergic asthma is the most common. Severe eosinophilic asthma is prevalent in approximately 5% of asthmatics and its phenotype overlaps with allergic asthma and type 2 inflammation. Patients with refractiveness to corticosteroids underline the difficulty in controlling persistent inflammation in severe eosinophilic asthma. The focus of biological therapies is geared towards the understanding of the intricate interplay of the cytokines that drive the eosinophil’s ability to induce chronic inflammation with airway obstruction. This chapter takes the reader down a historical journey of initial studies that were performed using mouse helper T cell clones for reconstitution experiments to unravel the mechanism of the role T helper 2 cytokines play in allergic asthma. We then reviewed the classic in vivo experiments that demonstrated how antibodies to IL5 can down regulate eosinophils in the blood and their progenitors in the bone marrow of mice. We also delve into the complex interaction of the alarmins on the cytokines triggers of allergic inflammation with elevated eosinophils. Finally, we review the clinical literature on the beneficial effects of humanized monoclonal antibodies in use for treatment of patients suffering from severe eosinophilic asthma.

This pilot study examined the impact of the Livescribe™ Symphony smartpen assistive technology and the Cornell note-taking strategy on lecture comprehension and note quality for college student-athletes with learning disabilities.The study involved 5 undergraduate student-athletes who used the Livescribe™ pen and Cornell note-taking during health lectures.Findings showed that the combination of the Livescribe™ pen and Cornell notes increased lecture engagement, optimized note organization, improved critical content capture, assisted with information review, and enhanced recall abilities.Students reported that the assistive technology and structured note-taking techniques aided comprehension while reducing anxiety, and they desired broader implementation in fast-paced college courses to become more self-sufficient learners.Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the Livescribe™ pen and Cornell notes in overcoming note-taking barriers and boosting achievement motivation among university students with disabilities.

America is more varied than ever. As cultural heterogeneity grows in America, religion, faith, and health habits show their effects. However, Latinx and African-American nurses, doctors, and healthcare professionals must represent the exponential expansion in population diversity. Black nurses may not reflect the variety of the U.S. population, but they are essential for culturally competent treatment and trust-building with communities of color. Many individuals believe health inequalities are caused by fundamental differences between populations and ignore their societal factors. Healthcare workers of color realize that social and political systems cause health inequities. We can then find structural gaps-closing solutions. Intervention research in an organizational case study addresses several of these complicated concerns. This chapter points to the critical importance of leadership, cultural change, employee engagement, and cultural change as essential for organizations to transform to make them more diverse and inclusive.

Unauthorized access to protected information in the healthcare industry is what constitutes a cyber breach. The repercussions of a data breach in cyberspace might be quite severe. Legal fees and settlements can result in a significant amount of additional expenses for leaders of organizations. When managing a data breach requires advance planning, it is possible to build a proactive and aggressive strategy to secure the data. It is essential to incorporate cybersecurity safeguards into information technology (IT) systems throughout the development stage in order to reduce the risk of being attacked by cybercriminals. Administrators of healthcare facilities now have the responsibility of managing both technological systems and clinical systems, which is especially important in the high-risk and high-vulnerability cybersecurity environment that has emerged in the wake of COVID-19. A systems dynamics method is taken in this chapter to investigate potential cybersecurity threats in the healthcare industry.

Allergic asthma and the legacy of structural racism on the African American urban communities Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity (wheezing due to narrowing of the airways) and it disproportionately affects African Americans. Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and elevation of allergic antibodies. In the United States approximately 25 million people are affected by this disease with a death toll of about 3,500 per year. African American children are at least 10 times more likely to die from asthma than their white counterparts. Collectively, the mortality rate in the African American population is double the rate in Caucasians (21.8 vs 9.5 death rate per million). The 2005 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's report on the Disparity in Health Care among African Americans and Ethnic minority reported allergic asthma as the second largest disparity in the quality of health care for them versus Caucasians. Today, health disparity in asthma persists and several hypotheses for this disparity have been proposed.

<strong>Title</strong> Life-long indeterminate growth in brittle stars is driven by a subterminal growth zone at arm tips. <strong>Abstract</strong> Background: Echinoderms are a phylum of marine invertebrates with close phylogenetic relationships to chordates. Many members of the phylum Echinodermata are capable of extensive post-traumatic regeneration and life-long indeterminate growth. Different from regeneration, the life-long elongation of the main body axis in adult echinoderms has received little attention. The anatomical location and the nature of the dividing progenitor cells contributing to adults' growth is unknown. Results: We show that the proliferating cells that drive the life-long growth of adult brittle star arms are mostly localized to the subterminal (second from the tip) arm segment. Each of the major anatomical structures contains dividing progenitors. These structures include: the radial nerve, water-vascular canal, and arm coelomic wall. Some of those proliferating progenitor cells are capable of multiple rounds of cell division. Within the nervous system, the progenitor cells were identified as a subset of radial glial cells that do not express Brn1/2/4, a transcription factor with a conserved role in the neuronal fate specification. In addition to characterizing the growth zone and the nature of the precursor cells, we provide a description of the microanatomy of the four distal-most arm segments contrasting the distal with the proximal segments, which are more mature. Conclusions: The growth of the adult brittle star arms occurs via proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal segments, which are most abundant in the second segment from the tip. At least some of the progenitors are capable of multiple rounds of cell division. Within the nervous system the dividing cells were identified as Brn1/2/4-negative radial glial cells. <strong>Supplementary materials</strong> Files in here (Zenodo.org, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5762494) are the supplementary digital materials corresponding to the manuscript "Life-long indeterminate growth in brittle stars is driven by a subterminal growth zone at arm tips," written by Mashanov et al. Files include: <strong>"</strong>Morphology.avi": Video illustration of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the arm tip of <em>Amphipholis kochii</em>. This video is also available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/eMpDZeKXQJE. <strong>"</strong>Model.blend": Blender file containing the 3D model of the <em>A. kochii </em>arm tip morphology. "FileS1_Statistics.Rmd" and "FileS1_Statistics.pdf": R Markdown file (R version 4.0.4). This file contains the data and statistical analysis about proliferating cells counted in the four terminal arm segments of five different individuals, using only one arm per individual.

Commonly referenced as corporate citizenship or sustainability, the initial idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) matured from the 1987 seminal Brundtland Report, which the United Nations is credited for spearheading. The steady progression of CSR highlights the need for organizations to coordinate the fulfillment of legal, philanthropic, moral, and financial obligations to ensure appropriate strategies toward sustainability initiatives and positive behaviors toward environments, the population, and monetary gain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causation by which organizations adapt green organizational cultures. Some findings suggest organizational cultures are forced to adopt new philosophies in a changing environment governed by corporate sustainability efforts. These green conceptual models transform human resources (HR) role in changing and creating organizational cultures that influence organizational strategies in ways that support sustainability and influence the organizational impact concerning climate change.

Abstract The microbiome is the genetic information which provides the blueprints and instructions for the vast array of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in and on our bodies. Ubiquitous in nature, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has existed long before the golden age of antimicrobials. While antimicrobial agents are beneficial to combat infection, their widespread use contributes to the increase in and emergence of novel resistant microbes in virtually all environmental niches. When acquired by pathogens however, AMR becomes a serious public health threat worldwide. Our ability to combat the threat of emerging resistance relies on accurate AMR detection methods and the development of therapeutics that function despite the presence of antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, microbiome, genome, resistome, metagenomics.