Egyptian Information Telecommunications Electronics and Software Alliance

The effectiveness of clear aligner therapy (CAT) requires strict adherence to prescribed aligner wear protocols.With the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI), both patients and clinicians are seeking optimised digital treatment plans to address challenges related to compliance and treatment efficiency.Timely appointments with higherquality interactions are desirable to minimise disruption to patients' occupational, educational, and social activities.Hence, the implementation of teleorthodontic platforms as an adjunct to in-office care might be valuable to align digital treatment plans with patients' expectations.This review aims to describe the workflow of CAT, highlighting the implementation of a teleorthodontic model to optimise patient-centred outcomes.

The use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory (AAI) medications is prevalent among athletes, particularly in contact sports like football. Understanding the perceptions and practices of AAI medication use is crucial for protecting athlete health and enhancing performance. To investigate the prevalence and patterns of AAI medication use and the perception towards sports pharmacy and medication use from players in the Egyptian men's national football team. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted across training camps in 2024 for the Egyptian men's national football team. Results from the survey indicated a high usage of AAI medication among the participants, with 64% of footballers reporting usage. The survey revealed a lack of awareness among footballers regarding the potential adverse side effects of these medications (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and that footballers felt sports pharmacists have a crucial role in managing and educating athletes. Notably, 76% of footballers (n=19) expressed a desire to have a sports pharmacist as part of their medical team. Our study demonstrated the widespread use of AAI medication among these elite international footballers, accompanied by a perceived need for pharmacists to be integrated into the medical team at the international level. It is hoped that such integration will ensure that footballers receive the necessary guidance and support to use AAI medications responsibly.

Biodiesel is a low-emission, environmentally friendly, and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. Conventional transesterification, the most common method for biodiesel production, has several drawbacks, including high temperature, high reactant consumption, and extended reaction times. Homogeneous alkaline catalysts, frequently used in biodiesel synthesis, present issues such as high cost, limited recyclability, and efficiency concerns. Herein, we technically and economically evaluate new transesterification approaches, such as ultrasonic and microwave methods, utilizing a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst derived from industrial waste. Our findings indicate that the biodiesel produced meets high technical specifications and demonstrates the high efficiency of the low-cost heterogeneous catalyst in the new transesterification methods. The yield quantity for the three methods, microwave, ultrasonic, and conventional, was 97.4%, 96.9%, and 96.6%, respectively, and the produced biodiesel standards had excellent quality and meet international standards (ASTM-6751). The microwave and ultrasonic methods reduced reaction time by 99.5 and 83.3%, respectively, as well as the amount of methanol by 50% and the amount of catalyst by 50 and 75%, respectively, proving the high positive impact of new techniques on biodiesel production. Financial indicators such as net income, return on investment, net present value (NPV), and profitability index showed higher values for microwave and ultrasonic methods compared to conventional transesterification, highlighting the significant profitability of these methods.

Background Managing diabetes during Ramadan fasting is a challenge due lifestyle changes. We described the characteristics and patterns of care for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during Ramadan 2020 and 2022. Methods Our study included multinational Muslims with T2DM who were during routine consultation. We collected data on demographics, fasting characteristics, and complications. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple testing were performed. Results 12,529 patients participated. Mean age was 55.2 ± 11.8 years; 52.4% were females. Mean diabetes duration was 9.9 ± 7.4 years; 27.7% were with HbA1c >9% (75 mmol/mol) and 70% had complications. Metformin was the most used medication followed by insulin. 85.1% fasted ≥1 day; fasting mean duration was 27.6 ± 5.6 days. Hypoglycemia occurred in 15.5% of whom 11.7% attended emergency department or were hospitalized; this was significantly associated with age and/or duration of diabetes. Hyperglycemia occurred in 14.9% of whom 6.1% attended emergency department or were hospitalized and was also associated with age or duration of diabetes. 74.2% performed SMBG during fasting. 59.2% were educated on Ramadan fasting, with 89.7% receiving it during routine consultation. Conclusions Ramadan fasting in T2DM is high. Multidisciplinary approach is required to mitigate complications. Our findings support current recommendations for safe fasting.

This paper thoroughly illustrates the Direct Torque Control (DTC) concept, principles and theory. It describes the dynamic behavior of a direct torque controlled three-phase induction motor. The complete analysis begins with a suitable mathematical model of the motor and the inverter circuit. It represents the DTC main parts and describes its operation. This paper also illustrates how the DTC can become a base for speed control schemes and the ability to switch between torque & speed control.

The article presents a retrospective review of atomic oxygen (AO) research in low Earth orbit (LEO).The space environment of LEO is a barrier to all satellites passing through it. Several of its constituent parts pose a great danger to satellite materials and subsystems. Such orbits are convenient for remote sensing and experimental satellites. In order to maintain the operational level of spacecraft, it is necessary to carry out thorough studies of the LEO environment and its components. AO, which is a hyperactive state of oxygen, is considered one of the most dangerous components of the LEO environment. It can react with many materials and thereby change the physical, optical and mechanical properties that affect the functionality of the satellite. To maintain the satellite in its orbit with a certain margin of reliability, it is necessary to reduce the aggressive influence on it of the environmental components of LEO. Predicting the impact of AO on materials that will be used in space ensures their correct selection. The work provides some recommendations for the creation of AO facilities for testing materials exposed to the aggressive influence of the space environment.

In this paper, a system for LTE Cell Outage Compensation (COC) based on hybrid Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been proposed. COC aims to minimize the impact of cell outage which leads to decrease in operator revenue and/or the customer satisfaction. The proposed system adopts an optimization module to search for an optimal setting of a set of LTE operational parameters to achieve a targeted set of key performance indicators. The optimization process always leads to good enough solutions, but it also requires a huge number of trials. So, in the proposed system, a huge set of outage scenarios is collected along with their optimal argument settings that are acquired by the optimization module and they are used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) module, which acts as an expert that can optimally act on the different situations in real-time mode. Simulation environment is set to evaluate different LTE measures and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on different outage scenarios. Simulation results proved the capability and robustness of the proposed system to minimize the number of users experiencing outage. Simulation results also show that the proposed system achieves optimal parameter settings without violating the overall system performance and with minimal processing time, while introducing significant impact on the performance of LTE.

The search for a unification of the physical phenomena was the preoccupation of many physicists for long time. Starting from the seventeenth century with the unification of celestial mechanics and gravitation, then the unification of the electromagnetism in the nineteenth century. The early twentieth century brought about the unification of space and time and the unification of energy and mass while the advent of gauge theory enabled the unification of the weak interaction with the electromagnetism in the middle of the twentieth century. More recent theories are proposed as the answer to the unification question in physics include quantum gravity which unifies quantum mechanics and gravitation, and string theory. Unification effort should not only address the known fundamental forces but the space fabric interactions which till now remain unknown but their manifestations are described as the dark energy and dark matter. Here the concept of interacting space and time fields which constitute space time is discussed using classic method which has a certain advantage of bringing the physical meaning into visualization.