- Research Article
1
- 10.11233/aquaculturesci1953.47.35
Verification of Hybrid Nature of Diploid and Triploid Progeny between Amago Salmon and Japanese Char by RAPD-PCR Analysis
- Mar 09, 2010
- Aquaculture Science
- Masaru Yamaki + 3 more +3
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Verification of Hybrid Nature of Diploid and Triploid Progeny between Amago Salmon and Japanese Char by RAPD-PCR Analysis
予防医学におけるエックス線検診車の現状と課題 : 肺がん検診のシステム環境について
Although the prevention of habituation-related diseases has become an important topic in Japan, the early detection of cancers such as lung, gastric, and breast cancers is an important issue for X-ray-related imaging modalities. High cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness are necessary to perform mass screenings such as those for lung cancer. In order to assess cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness, a total of 100 institutions nationwide were investigated, with a 41% of recovery rate. There were at least one or two institutions in each prefecture. Cost-benefit analysis was based on factors including the price of the medical check-up vehicle, its service life, and income from the examinations. The mean price of medical check-up vehicles used for chest X-ray examinations was 4,445,000 yen. Cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the expense incurred to discover one lung cancer. According to our research, the cost-effectiveness involved in detecting one lung cancer by conventional chest X-ray examination was about 2,270,167 yen/person. Since this amount seems unduly high, it is necessary to improve cost-effectiveness.
Read moreThe Celluer Immue Responses of Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, Injected with a Lipopolysaccharide-mixed Chloroform-Killed Cell (LPS-CKC) Vaccine Prepared from Pasteurella piscicida
Genetic analysis of the capsid region of human astrovirus serotype 3 isolated in Japan.
The total capsid region of astrovirus serotype 3 was analyzed using five isolates including four from Japan and one from the United Kingdom. The nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences in the region were homologous (over 97%). However, the sequences of serotype 3 were different from those of serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, especially in the C terminus.
Read moreTree distribution pattern in the permanent sample plots of selection forests
1991年から1995年に“マダイイリドウイルス病”が確認された海産養殖魚種
1991年から1995年にかけて海産養殖魚において"マダイイリドウイルス病"の発生した都道府県数と発生魚種をまとめた。ギムザ染色による本病発生の確認は, 1991年には12県7魚種であったが, 1994年および1995年は発生魚種が急増した。ギムザ染色または単クローン抗体を用いた蛍光抗体法により1995年までに本病の発生が確認された都道府県数と魚種は, 17府県20魚種(スズキ目18, カレイ目1, フグ目1)にのぼった。
Read more養殖ヒラメ稚魚に発生したPasteurella piscicida感染症
1991年から1994年にかけて, 9月から12月の水温下降期(17~24℃)に大分県と愛媛県の複数の養殖場で, 体重2~22gのヒラメ0才魚に外観上の顕著な症状を伴わない死亡が発生した. 本病は塩酸オキシテトラサイクリン等の経口投与により終息したが, 日間0.01~0.6%の死亡が4~10日間継続し, 累積死亡率は0.6~4.8%であった. 病魚の腎臓から一種類の細菌が純培養状に分離され, 生物学的, 生化学的および血清学的性状から Pasteurella piscicida に同定された. また, 水温約18℃における感染実験で分離菌のヒラメに対する病原性が確認された.
Read moreDetection of astroviruses from stool samples in Japan using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.
We developed a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detecting astrovirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 (but not serotype 4). Furthermore, we developed the specific primers for detecting serotypes 1 and 2, the most predominant serotypes in the world. Sensitivity of the first PCR with serotype common primers was about 10 times higher than that of enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody (EIA-MAb). Sensitivity of the second PCR with the serotype-specific primers was even higher. The RT-PCR method was useful for detecting astroviruses from clinical samples, especially serotypes 1 and 2.
Read moreImmunofluorescence Test for the Rapid Diagnosis of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Infection using Monoclonal Antibody.
By using indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), the detection method of the RSIV specific antigen was examined from imprints or frozen sections of spleens of artificially infected red sea bream Pagrus major. Immunofluorescence-positive cells were not detected from uninfected fish and those of day 1 and 3 post infection. However, a few IF-positive cells were detected from day 5 post infection and many IF-positive cells including typically enlarged cells were detected from moribund or dead fish. This method was applied to 11 species of cultured marine fishes that showed disease condition or suspected iridovirus infection. The IF-positive cells were detected from all these naturally infected fishes of 11 species. The detection rate of infected fish by IF test using MAb was much higher than that by the currently used Giemsa staining method. The results indicate that the IF test using the RSIV specific MAb is a rapid and effective method for confirmative diagnosis of the iridovirus infection in cultured marine fishes.
Read moreA Study on the Heat Conduction in the Metal Rods -For the Re-examination of the Topic in the Elementary School Science-
金属棒を伝わる熱量が,どのような要素に左右されるかを実験・考察し,小学校理科「熱の伝わり方」の教材の選び方について検討した。細長い金属棒の一端を熱し,熱量の移動が定常的になったときの,金属棒と周囲との温度差は,熱源からの距離に対して,指数関数的に減少するいとう理論通りの結果が得られた。温度差の減少の割合は,金属棒の断面積・熱伝導率・円周・発散率などが影響していることがわかった。次に,ニュートンの冷却の法則の実験から,表面より発散する熱量の割合(発散率)は.物体の形・大きさ・種類に関係なく.表面の状態だけで決まることが結論できた。この2つの実験を基礎にして「熱の伝わり方」に関する小学校教材を検討した。先ず,金属棒に等間隔にロウを少量つけ,一端を熱したとき,ロウが熱源の方から融けていく速さで,熱の伝わり方を調べる実験である。同じ直径を持つCu• Al• Feの3本の金属棒について,温度伝導率はCu>Al>Feであるが,実験結果はCu≒Al>Feであり,予想に反する。このことば表面の状態がCuとAlとで違っているために,空気中へ発散していく熱星に差があるためである。従って,この実験をする場合は,金属性塗料を塗布するなどして,表面の状態を同一にするか,又は,表面の状態がよく似た試料を選ばなければならない。同じ実験装置で, 金属棒の一端を,水の入っている小型の熱量計に浸す。金属棒の他端を熱して,金属棒を通じて熱を伝え,水温の上昇速度で熱の伝わり方を調べる実験がある。実験の結果,同じ直径,同じ長さであれば,水温の上昇速度は, 金属の熱伝導率の順になり, 表面からの発散は,あまり影響しないことがわかった。結論として, 「熱の伝わり方」に関する教材として,教材を選ぶ前に「温度の伝逹」か「熱量の伝達」かを見究める必要があり, 「熱の伝わり方」を「熱量の伝わり方」と解釈するときには,一般によく用いられている「ロウを融かす現象」よりも, 「水温を上昇させる現象」の方が優れていることがわかった。
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