Elms College

Flowering plants attract pollinators via traits such as floral scent and morphology, which are often influenced by other interactions like herbivory. However, the effects of herbivory on floral traits may not be consistent across traits, resulting in changed relationships between multimodal traits that could alter pollinator perception. We investigated how herbivory affects floral scent and morphology, and alters correlations between signaling traits. In a natural community, we simulated herbivory seven days before flowering on eight Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) plants by removing half of their foliar tissue and applying a jasmonic acid solution; eight additional plants received a control spray with solvent only and no damage. After treatments, we collected floral volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions (i.e., scent) and measured five floral morphological traits on all plants. We found that simulated herbivory significantly altered VOC composition. Additionally, herbivory increased flower diameter and hood width while decreasing hood height, but had no effect on inflorescence size, measured as flower number or dry mass. Notably, we found that simulated herbivory led to significantly stronger correlations in floral traits, including both flower morphology-VOC correlations and VOC-VOC correlations. This study demonstrates that herbivory induces changes in floral morphological traits and VOC emissions and increases correlations between floral traits. These findings highlight how herbivory can interfere with the floral traits that plants use to signal their pollination partners.

Abstract Tetflupyrolimet is the first herbicide with a novel site of action (SOA) labeled PRE and early POST for use in agronomic crops to be labeled in the last three decades. Direct-seeded paddy rice field experiments were conducted near Stuttgart, AR, on a silt loam soil and near Keiser, AR, on a clay soil to evaluate tetflupyrolimet-containing herbicide programs in comparison to commercial standards in conventional, imidazolinone-resistant, and quizalofop-resistant rice systems. Additionally, a furrow-irrigated rice experiment was conducted near Colt, AR, and Keiser to ensure weed control with clomazone and tetflupyrolimet mixtures compared to commercial standards. Twelve commonly planted rice cultivars were also evaluated in response to a single PRE or POST (2- to 3-leaf rice) application of tetflupyrolimet at 200 or 400 g ai ha−1 in a paddy rice system near Colt. When averaged over soil texture and site-year, all herbicide programs provided ≥98% barnyardgrass control at 56 d after (DA) the last application. Visible rice injury varied for each rice system. Still, injury rarely differed among herbicide programs, except at a single evaluation timing in the conventional (7 DA, 3- to 4-leaf applications) and quizalofop-resistant (preflood) systems. All 12 rice cultivars displayed high tolerance to a single PRE or POST application of tetflupyrolimet at 200 or 400 g ai ha−1. No visible injury, stand loss, or negative impact on rice maturity or reduced grain yield was observed for any cultivar. Tetflupyrolimet will be an effective alternative SOA in a program approach for barnyardgrass while maintaining excellent rice crop safety.

Currently there are important changes on a global scale that descend to rural areas. In these transformation scenarios, governments, agencies and international organizations seek new paradigms of intervention that allow the interrelationship of both public and private actors to implement policies that take advantage of the synergies resulting from their joint actions. The territorial approach to rural development is thus presented as a strategic vision that can contribute to strengthening the economic, social and environmental development of rural areas. For this, it is necessary to establish substantial management models in accordance with the competitiveness and attraction of the territories, which requires knowing their strengths and weaknesses. In order for scientists to be able to provide compelling elements in aiding decision-making, it is not only necessary to have a good knowledge of the disciplinary field of the subject in question, but also to make use of the applied science that current technologies provide. In this sense, Geographic Information Systems are a tool that allows good political decisions to be made based on georeferenced scientific information. The main idea of the work that has been developed is to present the process of agriculturization registering the Argentina territory from the last decades of the last century to the present, managing the territory at sight. This is exemplified using some results of a previous project, which was developed with the use of GIS technology

De The Naked Maja (1958) à Los fantasmas de Goya (2006) la liste des films centrés sur le peintre espagnol est longue. Cet article cherche à analyser la relation entre fiction et réalité qui se construit dans deux productions des années 1990 et 2000, respectivement: La hora de los valientes d’Antonio Mercero et Los fantasmas de Goya de Milos Forman, le premier étant un biopic très atypique puisque l’histoire a lieu plus d’un siècle après la mort du peintre. Je m’intéresse aux caractéristiques du discours biographique cinématographique et aux différentes stratégies narratives employées par les deux réalisateurs pour traiter d’une part les faits historiques et de l’autre l’œuvre de l’artiste.

Background. The current study aims to give a scientific origin for employing Habenaria plantaginea Lindl. as a potential candidate against nociception, inflammation, and pyrexia. The pharmacological studies were performed on crude extract and subfractions. In the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis, a total of 21 compounds were identified. The plant samples were displayed for in vitro anti-inflammatory potentials. The observed IC50 for chloroform against cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes was 33.81 and 26.74 μg/mL, respectively. The in vivo activities were prerequisites with the acute toxicity studies. In carrageenan-induced inflammation, the chloroform fraction exhibited 46.15% inhibition similar to that of standard drug diclofenac sodium 47.15%. Likewise, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed 71.42% activity, which was dose-dependent as that of standard drug. In Brewer's yeast-induced antipyretic activity, a significant decrease in rectal volume was observed after 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited nociception, inflammation, and pyrexia dose dependently. Likewise, mechanistic insights indicated that naloxone antagonized the antinociceptive effect of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, thereby signifying the involvement of opioidergic mechanisms respectively. These results suggest that these molecules present in this plant have synergistically beneficial potential for the cure and management of analgesia, inflammation, and pyrexia.

The Winter 2021 Webinar Audio Series (WAS) of the International Association of Medical Science Educators (IAMSE), titled, “USMLE Step-1 is Going to Pass/Fail, Now what do we do?” was broadcast live to audiences at academic institutions worldwide in five weekly webinars from January 7, 2021, to February 4, 2021. Recognized experts from various stakeholder groups discussed the impact of the decision to score the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 exam Pass/Fail (P/F). The speakers identified challenges to their respective programs and explored creative ways to address potential consequences. Sessions included the perspectives of allopathic and osteopathic residency program directors, basic science faculty, undergraduate medical education curriculum designers, clinical educators, and programs for international medical students matriculating to the United States. On February 25, 2021, a bonus session provided cutting-edge updates from a co-chair of the Coalition for Physician Accountability Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) to Graduate Medical Education (GME) Review Committee (UGRC).

CSAwesome is a new approved curriculum and professional development (PD) provider for the Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science (CS) A high school course. AP courses are taken by secondary (typically ages 14-19) students for college placement and/or credit. CSAwesome's free curriculum and teacher resources were developed in 2019 by adapting the CSA Java Review ebook on the open-source Runestone platform. The goals of CSAwesome are to broaden participation in the AP CSA course and to support new-to-CS students and teachers as they transition from the AP Computer Science Principles (CSP) course to the AP CSA course by using inclusive teaching practices and curriculum design. The AP CSP course is equivalent to a first course for non-majors at the college level, while the AP CSA course is equivalent to a first course for majors. Currently, AP CSA attracts a much less diverse student body than AP CSP. This new curriculum supports student engagement and scaffolded learning through an interactive ebook with embedded executable and modifiable code (Active Code), a variety of practice types with immediate feedback, and adaptable mixed-up code (Parsons) problems. Collaborative learning is encouraged through pair programming and groupwork. Our pilot Professional Development (PD) incorporates inclusive teaching strategies and active recruitment with the goal of broadening participation in CSA. This paper presents the design of the CSAwesome curriculum and teacher professional development and initial results from the curriculum use and pilot PD during the first year of CSAwesome.