EnGlobe (Canada)

O câncer de próstata refere-se a um tumor responsável por afetar a próstata, isto é, uma glândula que envolve a uretra. Trata-se da neoplasia maligna mais frequente no homem, além de ser considerado um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em analisar as publicações científicas acerca da importância do rastreio e do diagnóstico precoce do câncer de próstata, através de uma revisão de literatura. Material e Método: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados nacionais do período de janeiro de 2022. Resultados e Discussão: A análise das fontes selecionadas abordou que a timidez dos homens resulta na baixa procura pelos centros de saúde, aliado ao medo perante aos exames realizados como principais razões que contribuem para a perpetuação dessa problemática, a não realização de exames responsáveis pela obtenção de diagnóstico precoce dessa enfermidade. Considerações finais: O rastreio precoce na vida adulta é a melhor ferramenta de profilaxia do câncer de próstata no homem, assim como a junção da disseminação de conhecimento entre família e equipe de saúde possuem um papel fundamental para o estímulo ao autocuidado, a fim de evitar males futuros, uma vez que possibilitam o aumento do rastreamento, por intermédio de exames como toque retal e dosagem do PSA.

The emission of CO2 and CH4 by diffusion, bubbling and downstream was measured in ten reservoirs representative of the diversity of French hydropower reservoirs in 2016. In all reservoirs, higher fluxes were measured in summer than in spring and winter. Low fluxes were measured in alpine reservoirs as compared to run-of-the-river and storage reservoirs. The low temperatures as well as the low organic matter input from the watershed explained this observation. Bubbling was higher in run-of-the-river reservoirs, as compared to storage reservoirs. This was related to a higher ratio between the length of wooded river network in the watershed, and the reservoir surface area. This ratio was considered as a proxy for allochthonous particulate organic matter input per reservoir surface unit and its accumulation in the sediments. In the larger storage reservoirs, this preferential sedimentation area was limited to the river-reservoir transition zone, the extent of which is primarily a function of reservoir hydrodynamic and morphological parameters. Conversely, the long water residence time in deep storage reservoirs favoured greenhouse gas (GHG) accumulation in the bottom water and diffusion and downstream pathways as compared to bubbling. Classical drivers of GHG emissions in large reservoirs partly failed to explain our measurements, especially for bubbling which seemed to be primarily controlled by allochthonous particulate organic matter input per reservoir surface area. This may results from the small size and the large diversity of the studied reservoirs as compared to the larger systems classically used for global estimates.

In a pavement management system (PMS), time to maintenance is generally estimated based on the predicted condition of the pavement. Usually a deterministic approach is applied in the PMS to estimate the time to maintenance by following the deterioration equation of the performance index. However, it is necessary to be aware of the probability of failure to investigate whether the estimated time to maintenance by the deterministic approach is reasonably probable. For this reason, a probabilistic approach is applied in this study to estimate the probability of failure over the estimated time to maintenance. In this approach, the probability of failure is estimated from the distribution of the mean time to maintenance by considering both the overall condition of the pavement and individual instances of distress. These mean times to failure or maintenance are calculated from the overall condition of pavement in relation to the pavement condition index (PCI) when the trigger value becomes 65 or less. A pavement may be expected to fail, however, because of any specific distress before it reaches the PCI trigger value for maintenance. For this reason, the probability of failure of each specific distress is also investigated by using a Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the survival probability up to the fifth year is approximately 80% to 90% for each category of traffic and material type based on the overall condition, and the probability of failure for individual distress is very low over the performance cycle.

In this paper, we investigate whether seasonal adjustment procedures are, at least approximately, linear data transformations. This question is important with respect to many issues including estimation of regression models with seasonally adjusted data. We focus on the X-11 program and first review the features of the program that might be potential sources of nonlinearity. We rely on simulation evidence, involving linear unobserved component ARIMA models, to assess the adequacy of the linear approximation. We define a set of properties for the adequacy of a linear approximation to a seasonal adjustment filter. These properties are examined through statistical tests. Next, we study the effect of X-11 seasonal adjustment on regression statistics assessing the statistical significance of the relationship between economic variables in the same spirit as Sims (1974) and Wallis (1974). These findings are complemented with several empirical examples involving economic data. Nous examinons si la procedure d'ajustement X-11 est approximativement lineaire. Il y a potentiellement plusieurs sources de non-linearite dans cette procedure. Le but de l'etude est de savoir si ces sources sont effectivement assez importantes pour affecter, par exemple, des resultats d'estimation dans des modeles de regression lineaire. La seule facon de repondre a cette question est par estimation. Nous proposons plusieurs criteres qu'on peut utiliser pour juger si une procedure d'ajustement est approximativement lineaire. Nous examinons egalement par simulation des proprietes de tests dans le modele de regression dans le meme esprit que Sims (1974) et Wallis (1974).

Traffic engineering of ISDN (integrated services digital network) has become a key area of CCITT recommendations since 1985. The authors report on the first recommendations formalized in a dedicated series on ISDN traffic engineering, the CCITT E.700 series of recommendations. The authors also report on the ongoing work towards an extension of the series to cover integration of mobile services into ISDN, the E.750 series. Future directions related to such emerging issues as intelligent network services and broadband-ISDN/ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) are also reviewed. >

Any satellite communications network consists of orbiting satellites accessed by antennas comprising the earth segment. Such a network utilizes a mixture of modulation and access techniques. An important aspect of systems studies is to predict and plan for various levels of penetration of such techniques so that the overall earth segment cost of their introduction is minimized while t he network-wide traffic requirements are fulfilled. In order to achieve this goal, a novel method is suggested. For any space segment alternative the available space segment capacity in terms of transponder bandwidth is presented as a scarce resource. Mathematical programming procedures are utilized to solve the problem. Once results of the cost minimization study are obtained various sensitivity analyses can be easily performed.