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Whether syngo DynaCT Sine Spin non-contrast flat detector CT (FDCT) imaging is sufficient to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in suspected acute stroke patients is unknown. To determine if syngo DynaCT Sine Spin non-contrast FDCT imaging is non-inferior to conventional multidetector CT (MDCT) imaging for the detection and exclusion of intracranial hemorrhages in suspected acute stroke patients. To enroll 252 participants in three buckets (126 ischemic stroke patients, 126 hemorrhagic stroke patients (including 14 patients with an isolated infratentorial hemorrhage). A multicenter, international, prospective, cross-sectional, endpoint assessor blinded, non-inferiority trial. The primary outcome is the occurrence of an intracranial hemorrhage (yes versus no). This will be used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of FDCT imaging for the detection of intracranial hemorrhages. All FDCT images will be rated by six independent raters in a blinded imaging core-lab. The rating of the MDCT images will be deemed as ground-truth. FDCT imaging will be deemed non-inferior if the lower bound of the 95%-Confidence Interval of the sensitivity and specificity is above 95%. This trial will inform physicians whether syngo DynaCT Sine Spin non-contrast FDCT imaging can reliably exclude intracranial hemorrhages in patients with suspected acute stroke. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05458908.

This paper introduces a new method to promote energy efficiency in computing systems. The rapidly growing demand for computational power in high-performance computing (HPC) systems is accompanied by a significant increase in energy consumption. This research investigates the many ways to minimise energy consumption in HPC systems without sacrificing computational performance. Building upon previous research we combined and refined ideas to develop an optimised approach. Our method utilises a tri-modular framework incorporating an Energy-Efficient Hardware Design, Resource Management, and Optimisation, and Server Virtualisation. The first module employs a method of designing smart energy-efficient hardware. This method incorporates leakage reduction techniques such as clock gating and sleep states. The second module uses a technique focused on optimising server software. This method is based on Dynamic Voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for power management in data centres. The third module is based on server virtualisation and employs software to create multiple virtual machines on a single physical server allowing for a significant reduction in energy and hardware costs. The methods used in these three modules are systematically integrated to produce a more efficient consumption of electricity. This will allow for the computing system to minimise energy consumption without compromising computational power.

Collaboration between military and civilian investigators is necessary to develop strategies for optimizing treatments to diminish the sequelae of non-battle-related musculoskeletal injuries, which are highly prevalent among servicemembers. The 2024 Extremity War Injuries Symposium provided a forum whereby a diverse group of clinicians and researchers could develop strategies for optimizing treatments and diminishing the sequelae of conditions that are highly prevalent among active individuals. Key points were as follows: 1. The value of collaborations between military and civilian investigators cannot be overemphasized. These synergies can leverage the capabilities of established infrastructures in order to answer important questions pertaining to short-term outcomes-for example, warrior readiness of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions among servicemembers and long-term posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) outcomes among civilian cohorts. 2. Current and future prospective trials will inform future treatment decisions related to multiligamentous knee injuries and glenohumeral instability. 3. Novel approaches to addressing PTOA in the acute postinjury period will need longitudinal surveillance to measure their impact on improving clinical outcomes and diminishing residual functional deficits.

Nanotechnology is a concept much older and more prevalent than you may think. This article will delve into the applications of nanotechnology in various fields of medicine. Using ideas and research, old and new, this publication uses various studies to explore how nanotechnology saves, improves, and, in some cases, enables life. Frankly, the fields discussed further in this paper have nothing in common other than significant and interesting applications of nanotechnology. However, even with this diverse array of fields, only a fraction of nanotechnology’s massive impact across medicinal practice altogether is covered. Nanotechnology has broken into almost every major sector of medicine, finding use from routine practices, such as drug delivery, all the way to extraordinary procedures, such as bone regeneration. This article opens up on the applications of nanotechnology in the cardiovascular, reproductive, antiviral, skeletal, and surgical fields. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to show that nanotechnology is no longer limited to science fiction, and has a major impact that will only grow with time and technology. Doctors and scientists are making full use of nanotechnology’s capabilities by using it in any and all cases that require precision and effectiveness that is either impossible or extremely difficult and dangerous when performed by human hands. This makes many treatments less hazardous and more effective, saving and improving an exponential number of lives as time goes on.

In the spring of 2020, the rapid spread of COVID-19 caused schools in the U.S. to shift to online education. With the drastic change to online learning, the transition caused many issues that negatively impacted students' and educators' social and emotional learning (SEL) that helped ensure educational productivity. Social and emotional learning includes five competency areas: self-awareness, relationship skills, social awareness, self-management, and responsible decision making. Virtual learning has shifted the attention of educational institutions away from these competency areas due to the limitations of digital classrooms and the prioritization of academic intelligence over emotional intelligence. The chapter provides recommendations to address the social and emotional learning of educators.

Abstract Frac Driven Interactions (FDI) have gained much attention, but like many past challenges in our industry, a solution is not far behind. The ability and willingness of operators to share information is at the core of advancing this solution. Not content to just shut-in our wells and "hope for the best" during nearby frac ops, we decided to pro-actively learn about FDIs and to apply the learnings to frac defense. Frac defense not only protects the primary well, it also helps to prevent asymmetrical fractures in the infill well. We provide methodology used to design and implement FDI defense. Additionally, we also show how we analyzed the results of the FDI defense to determine its success. In 2018, we had an opportunity to learn about FDI and documented those interactions, along with the analysis, in SPE 194349-MS. The original study was initiated to understand FDI and to ultimately determine appropriate mitigation. In this case study, we used the findings from the initial study to select suitable mitigation: pre-loading the primary well with water prior to offset fraccing operations. The study location is one that had previously experienced FDI from offset development wells. The primary wells had recovered quickly from the past FDI but due to an additional year of depletion, our research showed that recovery would probably be longer. The workflow covers well candidate selection, necessary personnel and equipment on location, and the risk analysis of the overall project. To monitor the effectiveness of mitigation after pre-loading, the team placed wellhead pressure sensors on pre-loaded primary wells, and primary wells in the adjacent pad. Sensors were installed on select vertical wells perforated through the target zones. In addition, wirelessy connected, high-pressure sensors were deployed on actively fraccing wells. All sensors were time-synced and monitored in real-time. Pressure results indicated that mitigation using the water pre-load method dampened FDIs. A successful application would manifest in pressure dampening and a reduction of recovery time. At the time of this writing, flowback operations are ongoing and one primary well recovered to pre-frac rates within one week. We anticipate a corresponding reduction of recovery time in the other wells. Most importantly, the infill well immediately offset from the primary is performing as good or better than the other infills in the same interval. This paper presents methods ad processes that offer a potential solution to identify candidates for fracture mitigation, and optimize project economics in a full section, multi-bench development. A novel aspect to the data is that all wells were wirelessly connected to the internet, time-synced with the atomic clock, and monitored in real-time. Time-synched pressure indicators immediately reveal the earliest signs of well-to-well communication across the entire field of active and passive wells. Pressure readings are reflective of FDIs allowing the operator to monitor, and proactively apply mitigation techniques in real-time. This process is known as "active well defense." However, due to certain limitations, we deployed a "passive well defense" where we injected water into the primary wells prior to frac operations.

Special Section: The Value and Future of Petroleum Engineering JPT asked several active young professionals about their career path thus far and what they liked about petroleum engineering. Here are some of their answers. Feeling Lucky Carter Clemens, BP I lucked into the petroleum industry; I did not know much about it before choosing it as a major at the University of Texas. It has allowed me to live and travel to distant countries I never thought I would visit—whether it is Abu Dhabi, Port of Spain, Cairo, or Aberdeen, the oil industry has an incredible reach to some interesting locations. It has also enabled me to pursue engineering while spending a lot of my time outside instead of in front of a computer screen. When I was riding around with well operators in Wyoming and Colorado, I thought of how lucky I was to not be in a cubicle. There is something special about being on a well-site surrounded by snow in Wyoming or watching a sunrise from a rig in the middle of the ocean—you can’t get that with most industries. Personal Satisfaction Bruno S. Rivas, Mexico National Hydrocarbons Commission Petroleum engineering is more than get-ting oil out of the ground; it means delivering the energy that the world needs to fight poverty, increase human wellness, and accelerate growth in a sustainable way. The oil and gas industry has given me the opportunity to interact with professionals from all over the world, to exchange different experiences, to solve problems in a responsible and efficient manner, and to inspire future generations. With no doubt, if I had to decide again what to study, my choice would be oil and gas; it is certainly not an easy path, but realizing that I’m generating a positive impact on others’ lives is a personal satisfaction. Let’s Talk Climate Change Angela Dang Atkinson, Encana Corp. I love saying, “I’m a petroleum engineer and I believe in anthropogenic climate change.” It catches people off guard and begins a nuanced conversation about energy. It is an opportunity for me to talk about the importance of incremental change and that there is no silver bullet in solving the world’s energy challenges. As Harvard economics professor Ed Glaeser states, “Once we start thinking that there’s a silver bullet…we lose the fact that we need to be working day by day, over decades, to effect change.” We, the oil industry, are among those working day by day to effect change—whether we are increasing the use of recycled fracture water or finding creative ways to reduce emissions, these are the types of incremental gains on the way to better energy solutions. This nuanced conversation should not primarily exist in 150-character tidbits online. It is up to us to have that conversation in a grassroots manner, face to face, with our community.

Abstract Horizontal wells give a great opportunity for maximizing the potential of unconventional resource play developments by providing enhanced reservoir contact but present multiple challenges in the process due to the heterogeneous nature of the unconventional reservoir rock. This study covers the implementation of an integrated completion and production workflow to optimize a horizontal well development project in the Delaware Basin located in Reeves County, Texas. By undertaking a vertical well pilot logging program, the acreage was evaluated for petrophysical and geomechanical properties using advanced geo-chemical and full-wave sonic tools to quantify reservoir quality (RQ) and completion quality (CQ), respectively. Detailed fracture simulations were performed at multiple depths to locate the optimum landing point that maximized reservoir contact. Incorporating the key findings of the wellbore stability analysis, the well was geo-steered using a rotary steerable system (RSS) and a logging-while drilling (LWD) resistivity tool that placed 100% of the lateral in the target zone. Further completion simulations were performed to determine a perforating and staging strategy which would optimize the number of stages. The flow-channel fracturing technique, which provides a novel approach for achieving fracture conductivity, was also implemented on the studied well to significantly improve the effectiveness of the fracture stimulation treatment. Fracture diagnostics, detailed post fracture modeling, and production analysis techniques, which utilized rate-transient analysis and history matching, were performed to provide better understanding of the effectiveness of the stimulation treatments (fracture lengths/conductivity), thereby allowing further optimization of the stimulation program. This study has demonstrated how the implementation of an integrated design and evaluation workflow can optimize the overall well production performance as well as reduce drilling and stimulation costs in unconventional resource play developments.

Abstract Delineating the sweet spots, areas where well performance will be most economic, is a critical issue for both the exploration and the development of gas-shale reservoirs. Two simple methods to aid identification and mapping of sweet spots using density and neutron logs are presented in this paper. The first method is apparent shale porosity*thickness (PHIas*H) maps, derived from the raw density porosity log, used to qualitatively assess and map reservoir quality and quantity. What is unique in the approach of this paper is that no rock calibration is done to correct for total organic carbon (TOC), a common industry practice. The second method is the neutron gas effect. In many gas shales, the neutron and density logs exhibit approach sometimes to the point of a corssover response, similar to the well-documented effect in gas reservoirs in sandstone or carbonate. All currently commercial gas shales in North America exhibit the gas effect, suggesting that it can be used as a direct detection technique for commercial gas shale.