Energoservis (Czechia)

Abstract Garnet and biotite are common minerals in and adjacent to metamorphosed massive sulphide deposits, but their trace element compositions are rarely used to explore for such ores. Both minerals are present in hydrothermal alteration zones metamorphosed to the amphibolite facies spatially related to semi-conformable massive sulphide horizons in the Paleoproterozoic Stollberg Zn-Pb-Ag-(Cu-Au) plus magnetite ore field, Bergslagen district, Sweden. The major-trace element chemistry of garnet in metamorphosed altered rocks, mafic dykes and sulphide mineralisation shows that garnet in garnet-biotite alteration (and high-grade sulphides) is Fe-rich (almandine ratio > 0.5) whereas garnet in skarn and garnet-pyroxene alteration contains significantly higher amounts of Ca and Mn and elevated concentrations of Co, Cr, Ga, Ge, Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zn and the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of garnet in all rock types are depleted in light REEs and enriched in heavy REEs. Garnet in sulphide-bearing altered rocks, including garnet-biotite and garnet-pyroxene alteration, shows a strong positive Eu anomaly and the highest concentrations of Ga, Ge, Mn, Pb and Zn. Rocks more distal to sulphide mineralisation typically contain garnet that exhibits no or negative Eu anomalies and lower mean concentrations of these elements and higher concentrations of Ti. Biotite shows variable Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios with most centred around 0.5 and enrichments in Ga, Mn, Sn, Pb and Zn in and adjacent to sulphides. This suggests that garnet and biotite can be used as a vectoring tool to ore in the Stollberg ore field and potentially for metamorphosed massive sulphides elsewhere.

The article discusses the features of criminal liability for crimes in the field of public procurement under the legislation of the Republic of Korea. The key difference is that criminal liability is provided for not only in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea, but also in other laws. Russian law enforcement practice is influenced by the presence of several laws governing public procurement. At the same time, criminal violations of the law on the regulation of public procurement are reflected in the Criminal Code of Russia with special offenses. Criminal violations of the law on the regulation of corporate procurement are qualified by the general provisions of the Criminal Code of Russia.

To detail the distribution of biogas components by height from the surface of landfill, this article proposes a method for visualizing multidimensional data that complements the flat map of field measurements of gas generation with a vertical coordinate reflecting the isolines of concentrations of biogas components by height above the landfill surface. The three-dimensional surface obtained by combining the data of field measurements of gas generation and calculations, according to empirical models, of isolines of concentrations in height, visualizes the zone of the atmosphere of the MSW landfill.

The distance principle is widely used in relay protection devices and automation of power systems. First, this applies to distance protection of power lines and single-phase automatic reclosing devices. Distance-based protections are among the most complex devices because they require data processing of two complex variables (phasors of voltage and current). In the general case, these variables directly depend on the properties and parameters of the power system [1] .

Low-Frequency Oscillation (LFO) monitoring is one of the main tasks of the dispatcher in most dispatch centers of large system operators. The task of LFO monitoring is complex and includes the identification of oscillation parameters, analysis of the power system oscillatory stability, verification of computational digital models of power systems based on modal characteristics, etc.

The current development of the Wide Area Monitoring System in the Unified Power System (UPS) of Russia and the technical characteristics of the information and communication infrastructure of the System Operator allow to constantly increase the use of PMU data for solving practical operational and dispatching control tasks. Low-frequency oscillations (LFO) monitoring is included in the decision-making loop in most dispatching centers of large system operators and belongs to one of the most relevant areas of PMU data processing. The LFO monitoring is a complex task and includes the identification of oscillations parameters, analysis of the power system oscillatory stability, verification of power systems calculated digital models based on modal characteristics, etc.

Геофизические методы занимают лидирующую позицию при изучении сооружений для размещения жидких, пастообразных и твёрдых отходов нефтеперерабатывающих производств благодаря нетребовательности к поверхностным условиям и высокой детальности получаемой информации. Помимо непосредственного картирования структуры и состава отходов, применение геофизических технологий позволяет выяснить характер влияния накопителей на грунты и грунтовые воды прилегающих территорий. Приведены примеры эффективного использования разведочной геофизики для изучения шламонакопителей с различными типами отходов и выявления каналов миграции поллютантов на сопредельных площадях. Geophysical techniques are widely used for investigating of liquid, paste-like and solid waste accumulation facilities of oil refineries due to their ability to operate at various types of surfaces and provide for comprehensive solutions. In addition to composition and structure imaging, geophysical surveys are able to clarify sludge lagoon impacts on soils and groundwater of adjacent area. A number of examples are provided, demonstrating the results of geophysical surveys carried out at lagoons with different types of waste and their periphery.

One of the most important components of the quality of functioning of power systems is their oscillatory stability. In the conditions of the development and improvement of the reliability of power systems, the task of monitoring low-frequency oscillations (LFO) is becoming more and more urgent. The increasing availability of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and the ongoing implementation of the Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) makes it possible to solve applied tasks at different levels of the power system. In addition to detecting emergency and abnormal modes, based on the processing of data from synchrophasor measurements, the search for sources of system destabilization can also be performed.

Summary Identifying Lower Mannville Lithic channels (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) is challenging, it requires tight integration of geology and geophysics. Rock Physics interpretation yields insight into lithology and porosity changes that are essential to exploit oil and gas reserves within complex geological settings. Our workflow includes dynamic quantitative solution as a part of a complete interpretation. The Mannville Group comprise the oldest Cretaceous rocks over most of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and represent a major episode of subsidence and sedimentation following a long period of uplift, exposure and erosion of older strata. In this study, a Central Alberta Lower Mannville estuarine system is analyzed using Rock Physics in LMR crossplot space. Pre-stack Simultaneous Inversion is used to derive the Lamda and Shear moduli from 3D seismic data and a new interpretation integration workflow is applied.

Carbon dioxide corrosion is one of the most common reasons for the failure of oil-production equipment. This issue is very urgent for the Russian Federation where the carbon dioxide content is high in the oilfield medium of the most production fields. The paper deals with the obtaining of information on the basic issues of development of tube steels resistant to the carbon dioxide corrosion: the type and the level of alloying of steels reducing carbon dioxide corrosion lower than 0.2 mm per year; the influence of high content of corrosive H 2 S and Cl - components in the carbon dioxide medium on the mechanism and kinetics of corrosion failure. To get this information, the authors carried out pilot tests maximally proximal to operating conditions. Oil-well tubing was tested on seven working wells with intermittent monitoring of pipe condition. The authors carried out field tests of oil-and-gas tubing on testing field of Priobskoye production field consisting of operating oil-pipeline, parallel with which a bypass line made of pipes of experimental steels was mounted. The production fields and wells where the oilfield media have high CO 2 content and the intensive carbon dioxide corrosion is manifested were used for the tests. In most cases, they are the production fields where the carbon dioxide medium is additionally saturated with the corrosive H 2 S and Сl - components. The authors divided steels under the study in two groups: steels with high chromium content (≈4.6 %) forming the passivating film when in operation and low-alloyed tube steels (Cr≤0.6 %). The tests show that: - high-chromium 15H5MFBCh steel is resistant to carbon dioxide corrosion even in carbon dioxide media with high H 2 S and Cl - content; - the high chlorine content in oilfield media intensifies corrosion failure and promotes the transition to more aggressive forms of local corrosion in low-alloyed tube steels; - according to the increase of resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion, the steels under the study can be arranged in the following sequence: 09G2Sà13HFAà08HMFAà15H5MFBCh.