Eurasia International University

Variable-Resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) employs a global grid which is refined only over a limited area, thus substantially decreasing the computational demand while allowing global simulations with regional resolutions that are mostly unaffordable with uniform resolution GCMs. This technique can leverage today’s parallel computing platforms almost to their fullest extent by offering near-perfect scalability. The geographic location and complicated topography of Euro-Mediterranean leads to a regional climate governed by complex nonlinear interactions and cascade of feedbacks between multitude of scales, from global to local, and spatiotemporally highly varied climatic characteristics. Therefore, the region serves as a suitable testbed for the utilization of VR-CESM.Here, VR-CESM is employed to investigate the climate of the Euro-Mediterranean region. Two variable-resolution grids with regionally refined resolutions of 0.25° and 0.125° over the study domain are used and historical climate is simulated for between 1998-2014 in an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) setup. The fidelity of VR-CESM simulations is evaluated considering the near-surface air temperature and precipitation fields in comparison to available observation-based data sets and those of a coarse resolution (quasi-uniform 1°) control simulation.The improvements obtained are mainly related to a better representation of the complex topography of the region with higher resolution and consistent incorporation of the large scale circulation. Specifically, we report improvements in the representation of the topographically induced processes (e.g. orographic uplift), extreme events, vertical air motion and synoptic scale moisture transport. Overall, this work validates the benefits of VR-CESM for use in regions under the influence of many processes across global-to-regional scales coupled with a complex topography and that, as a modeling approach, VR-CESM is a useful (even superior for some scientific inquiries) alternative to investigate the Euro-Mediterranean’s climate.

Vocabulary acquisition is among the core elements of English as a Second Language (ESL) proficiency, and conventional teaching strategies do not always scale, offer personalized learning, or provide real-time feedback. As of late, artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new possibilities to make learners more engaged, autonomous, and receptive. The proposed research undertaking is a comparative examination of the efficacy of human-facilitated vocabulary instruction and artificial intelligence-based learning solutions in providing ESL students at different proficiency levels with learning opportunities. The investigation is conducted using a mixed-methods research design, which assesses learning outcomes, retention rates, levels of motivation, patterns of error correction, and learners' perceptions in both instructional modes. Vocabulary gains are measured by pre- and post-tests, whereas observational data and learners' reflections document qualitative differences in cognitive engagement and behavioral change related to learning. The paper also investigates the effects of personalization, feedback immediacy, adaptive difficulty, and multimodal content on vocabulary development under AI-based conditions. Findings reveal the capabilities of both methods that can be used in practice: human instruction provides a deeper context, emotional support, and more precise feedback, while AI tools provide a more generalizable, personalized practice by being data-driven, available all the time, and scalable. The results suggest integrating these two systems to develop a superior model of vocabulary instruction for ESL students. The study will contribute to the expanding research on the future of AI-assisted language learning, providing evidence-based insights for teachers, developers, and policymakers.

Introduction: To describe the first case, to the authors' knowledge, of KeraKlear artificial corneal implant, assisted by a Carl Zeiss femtosecond laser, in iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome with secondary glaucoma. Patient and Clinical Findings: A 66-year-old woman with known ICE syndrome and secondary glaucoma in her right eye, using long-term glaucoma eyedrops (Xalacom, Simbrinza), presented with a 3-year history of progressive blurred vision in the right eye associated with a slowly enlarging whitish subepithelial fibrotic membrane from the temporal cornea, with corrected distance visual acuity deteriorating from 0.8 to 0.1 (Snellen). The fibrotic membrane is a subepithelial scar secondary to chronic corneal edema involving the temporal and central cornea. Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes: A femtosecond laser-assisted KeraKlear artificial cornea implantation was performed in the patient's right eye. After 3 months, the KeraKlear prosthetic cornea remained stable with no signs of extrusion or periprosthetic corneal thinning. Corrected distance visual acuity was improved to 0.3 (Snellen), and the endothelial cell counts remained stable at around 2700 cell/mm 2 (vs 2800 in the left eye). Conclusions: Penetrating and endothelial keratoplasties carry a high risk for failure in ICE syndrome, especially in the setting of glaucoma. The KeraKlear was a useful alternative to keratoplasty in this setting, and unlike keratoplasty has not been shown to worsen glaucoma.

Raffi is one of the greatest Armenian writers, whose works reflected the spiritual quests of our people, its political goals and historical vicissitudes, love of freedom and patriotism. At present, the supporters of globalism criticize its concepts of ideological struggle, liberation from foreign yoke, education of national identity, the national image itself under the pretext that its views on the world and the universe do not correspond to the modern principles of freedom and democracy. The article shows that all the accusations against Raffi amount to the destruction of the Armenian national identity, the assertion of cosmopolitanism, subordination of spiritual life to the dictates of Western ideology, which ultimately amounts to the “dismantling” of the Armenian people. The author also draws attention to the peculiarities of the prose writer's artistic skill, which were later embodied also in the works of classics of Russian and Western literature of the XIX–XX centuries.

This study evaluated the effects of low-dose electron beam irradiation (EBI) at 50, 100, and 150Gy on the membrane characteristics, growth, and antimicrobial activity of the One Health probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZPZ. Findings were compared with those of Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS®-1 to assess strain-specific responses. Results indicated a dose-dependent reduction in growth, with untreated Lpb. plantarum ZPZ cultures averaged 1.26 × 107 CFU/mL, decreasing to 1.45 × 106 CFU/mL at 150Gy (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial efficacy also decreased from 0.16 in untreated samples to 0.31 in samples treated with 150Gy (P < 0.05, OD600). While surface hydrophobicity was initially reduced by 50Gy treatment, it was restored by 150Gy treatment, which correlated with an 82.7% increase in biofilm formation (r = 0.67). The obtained results show that EBI modulates the functional properties of Lpb. plantarum ZPZ and therefore indicates the possibility of its application in food safety and One Health strategies. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

This study investigates how creativity and innovation affect entrepreneurial success in Lagos’ Out-of-Home (OOH) advertising sector. Lagos’ fast urbanization and technological advancements have made it more and more necessary for advertising industry entrepreneurs to employ creative and innovative tactics to remain competitive. The study collected information from 126 respondents via questionnaires and interviews using a descriptive, cross-sectional survey approach. According to the findings, more than 94% of participants agreed that creativity and innovation are essential for operational success, competitive advantage, and corporate growth. The regression analysis affirmed that these characteristics and entrepreneurial performance had a statistically significant positive connection (β = 0.408, p &lt; 0.000). Entrepreneurs continue to encounter obstacles like high innovation costs, regulatory constraints, and restricted access to creative people, even in the face of opportunities brought about by technology, market demand, and supporting policies. However, there are encouraging avenues for future innovation in the changing business climate. The study concludes that encouraging innovation and originality is crucial to maintaining business performance in Lagos’ OOH advertising industry. To get past obstacles, it suggests government assistance, legislation changes, and strategic investments. The results close a knowledge gap and provide useful information for advertising entrepreneurs and policymakers alike.

It has been established that conflict is inevitable in organisations given the composite nature of the work environment. This study on Information Exchange and Collaborative Problem-Solving Roles in Organizational Conflict Resolution specifically reviewed the import of the exchange of information and collaborative problem-solving in the conflict resolution process. The study employed the use of a structured questionnaire administered through Google form to 180 respondents involving Executives, Management, Union leaders, and other rank officers from Banking &amp; Fintech, Professional Institutes, Manufacturing, MDAs, Telecom, Oil &amp; Gas sectors from southwest Nigeria using a stratified random sampling technique. Two research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The two hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance using the T. test table. Data were analysed using charts, tabulations, percentages, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co- efficient (PPMC) methods. The outcome of the hypotheses confirmed that there were significant relationships among the exchange of information, collaborative problem-solving, and conflict resolution in the organisation. Essentially the purpose of conflict resolution in the organization is to enhance collaboration, and consensus building, promote inclusiveness of all social partners, and intervene in matters that could instigate conflict. The exchange of information and collaborative problem-solving proved to be potent instruments for promoting effective conflict resolutions. It is therefore recommended that organizations should adopt the use of these forms of social dialogue in resolving conflicts.

The main problems in the effective use of land resources as an important factor of the country's development and population's food security are considered. The study was conducted in the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of the study was grain-growing farms in the Akmola region. The study concluded that satellite imagery and unmanned aerial vehicles should be used to monitor crops and assess yields in the Akmola region. These technologies allow for more efficient land management, prompt response to problems and informed decision-making. The experience of GIS application in the United States consists in the formation of database systems for all soil types that are of economic importance. There are 4 national soil databases, as well as several automated soil databases containing data on more than 13,400 soil varieties. The country's Soil Conservation Service has created soil geographic databases, including a geographic database on soil surveys, state soil associations, and major land resource areas. The economic efficiency of land conservation measures will be determined by the amount of net income, taking into account the prevented environmental damage in value form, using the efficiency coefficient of environmental costs relative to the total production and environmental costs. The acreage area in the Akmola region on average for 2018–2023 amounted to 26,264.32 thousand hectares, the average actual crop yield was 12.5 centner/ha. Based on the given system of formulas, the estimated crop yield on non-eroded soils (Yn) is 13.5 centner/ha, and the crop shortfall (V) due to land erosion is 871.88 thousand centners of grain, which is 69,750 thousand tenge at an average grain price of 80,000 tenge/t

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, now into its third year, has confounded many assumptions – both in Moscow and in the West – about the effectiveness of Russian military capabilities, organization and tactics. Russian forces have suffered heavy losses at times, prompting the military leadership to embark on a programme of regeneration and modernization. Moscow seeks to reform its force structure, recruit more troops, and replace or improve weapons and equipment, both to make up for losses incurred in combat and to address shortcomings in capabilities that the war has exposed. This paper assesses the challenges Russia faces in upgrading each of the main armed services, and in reforming or developing its command structures, ‘asymmetric’ enablers and military-industrial complex accordingly. Understanding Russian priorities and progress on military regeneration is vital if Western policymakers are to determine in which domains and sectors Russia will continue to be a credible military threat to Ukraine and other countries.