Euro Heat Pipes (Belgium)

Variable Conductance Heat Pipes (VCHP) are mainly employed to cool down electronic systems in spacecraft applications, as they can handle high temperature fluctuations in their cold source, preventing thus the systems from damaging. These fluctuations, as well as ultra-low temperatures, are always present in outer space, and one of the key steps in a VCHP design is therefore to make sure that they endure these conditions. However, not much has been written about their resilience during and after a long exposition to subfreezing conditions, i.e. temperatures lower than the freezing point of the working fluid. In this paper we implement and validate a computational routine based on a modified Flat-Front Approach to predict the VCHP temperature profile and to determine the location of the gas–vapor front. Then we continuously expose an ammonia/stainless-steel VCHP to temperatures below the ammonia freezing point for 211 h, to later examine the formation and subsequent dynamics of a thin block of frozen ammonia which is diffused into the inactive part of the heat pipe condenser. We describe as well how a strong correlation between the adiabatic section and the reservoir temperatures is maintained (or broken) upon the occurrence (or absence) of the blockage of frozen ammonia.

The importance of this work lies in the fact that more and more, the tourism sector is shaping up to reach double digits in its participation in the world gross domestic product, coupled with the fact that, in countries such as Brazil, its productive linkages affect the spatial dynamics of the localities. Therefore, this article goal to develop a cartogram of the places filmed in Brazil, to document the filmic strengths of each federative entity of the Brazilian Republic and thus contribute elements to characterize the course that the different agendas could follow. Federation tourism. It should be noted that the methodological treatment is an effort to approach the Big Data phenomenon, the search was carried out through four million film titles. Among the most pressing results, depending on the cinematographic genre, the leading site around Brazilian film locations varies, for example, if the genre is science fiction, the case of Salvador de Bahía stands out, instead if the genre is documentary highlights the state of Pará.

Este artigo busca entender de que forma professores de curso livre de idiomas se relacionam com os livros didáticos de inglês. Pretendeu-se explorar, interpretando dizeres de professores, as características que fazem com que um livro seja considerado bom ou ruim, as diferenças que os docentes percebem entre material e livro didático, e como os participantes lidam com a imposição do livro didático a ser usado. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários estruturados abertos, aplicados via e-mail, e respondidos por professores que trabalham ou já trabalharam em cursos livres, por cinco anos ou mais, em Belo Horizonte. Os dados mostram que, em geral, os docentes reconhecem ser o livro didático um tipo de material que organiza o trabalho, mas que precisa ser complementado. Também reconhecem mais pontos positivos que negativos, e que a imposição não é um problema, pois parece ser amenizada pela liberdade de adaptações e de uso de outros materiais. Assim, percebe-se que o livro didático é material importante e essencial neste contexto, exercendo a função de fonte, facilitador e guia para o ensino.

Abstract Although the chemical reactions occurring throughout the production process of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) are well‐known today, the physicochemical stability of the greencake during its expansion is not fully understood. The order in which reactions occur during the greencake setting, the reaction speed, their impact on the temperature, the viscosity, or the bubble formation remain unclear. The objective of this research is to better understand the contribution of different factors such as the quality of raw materials like quicklime, cement, or sulfate carrier on the expansion and strength development of the AAC greencake, with a focus on the temperature development. The impact of the raw materials is investigated on the hydration or slaking of the quicklime and on the greencake growth, while the strength development of the stabilizing mineral paste is studied using rheology. It is shown that the temperature profile in the greencake is governing the stability during the greencake growth, and is impacted by the amount and nature of the raw materials used. External temperature control and/or wise choice of raw materials may thus allow for a fundamental revision of mix compositions.

To describe the results of a prevention campaign in terms of participation and pet health status and to identify opportunities to improve preventive medicine in cats and dogs. An awareness campaign was designed to highlight the role of veterinarians and emphasise the benefits of a veterinary visit. Owners were invited to make an appointment for a free pet health check in a voluntarily participating veterinary clinic. Observations recorded by the veterinarians were entered in a database and subsequently analysed using simple descriptive statistics. A total of 5305 completed health check forms were analysed. The percentages of overweight and obese dogs and cats were 34 and 36%, respectively; this was the most common finding, followed by dental calculus (31% in dogs, 21% in cats). In total 67% of cats did not undergo flea control and 59% were not vaccinated. Opportunities for increased quality of care are numerous given the high percentage of intact, unvaccinated or non-permanently identified pets and the low level of worm and flea control. Animal health should benefit from preventive measures, and improved management can be undertaken after early detection of diseases.

Prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in blood components may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions and improve component quality. A bottom-and-top system with an integral third-generation WBC-reduction filter has been studied. Whole blood was collected from 30 healthy donors: from 20 by using a blood container system with an integral filter and from 10 controls by using a standard blood container system. Ten test units were buffy coat-depleted, stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C, and then filtered, while an additional 10 test units were buffy coat-depleted and filtered at room temperature within 8 hours of collection. All units were stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days and sampled weekly. The mean WBC content of the 72-hour, 4 degrees C units was 0.33 x 10(6), that of the room-temperature units was 2.6 x 10(6), and that of the buffy coat-depleted controls was 460 x 10(6) (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were found among lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium, and plasma hemoglobin levels in the three groups. ATP and 2,3 DPG levels were significantly better preserved in control units than in 72-hour, 4 degrees C units (p = 0.016 and p = 0.032, respectively), but not better than in the room-temperature units. Significant differences were observed between pH values in filtered units and both groups of test units (p = 0.016). In biologic terms however, these differences were small. Red cells from an additional eight healthy volunteer donors were processed by an 8-hour room-temperature method and stored for 35 days. Studies in vivo 24-hour recovery of autologous red cells were performed by transfusing a radiolabeled (51Cr plus 131I-albumin) aliquot after 35 days' storage. Good recovery (mean > 80%) was found by both the single- and double-isotope-label methods. Recovery was significantly greater when calculated by the single-isotope method (p = 0.02). The combination of buffy coat removal and filtration in the blood container system with an integral filter achieved effective WBC reduction (> or = 3 log10 reduction from whole blood) without biologically significant detriment to in vitro or in vivo storage values.