Exact Dynamics (Netherlands)

Multi-barrier cleavage models consider cleavage fracture which is characterized by a series of microscale events. One of the challenges for multi-barrier cleavage models is the strong variations of cleavage parameters across different types of steels. The source and magnitude of the variations have not been studied systematically. In the current paper, cleavage parameters corresponding to fracture initiation at a hard particle and crack propagation overcoming grain boundaries are determined for three bainitic steels, a martensitic steel, and a ferritic steel, using a recently proposed model. It is found that the particle fracture parameter depends on particle morphology and composition, while the grain boundary cleavage parameter depends on the hierarchical grain structure. The determined values of cleavage parameters present a high degree of consistency among the five different steels, which allows the further application on microstructure design to control macroscopic toughness.

We present a technique for automatically detecting security vulnerabilities in client-side self-contained components, called web widgets, that can co-exist independently on a single web page. In this paper we focus on two security scenarios, namely the case in which (1) a malicious widget changes the content (DOM) of another widget, and (2) a widget steals data from another widget and sends it to the server via an HTTP request. We propose a dynamic analysis approach for automatically executing the web application and analyzing the runtime changes in the user interface, as well as the outgoing HTTP calls, to detect inter-widget interaction violations. Our approach, implemented in a number of open source ATUSA plugins, called DIVA, requires no modification of application code, and has few false positives. We discuss the results of an empirical evaluation of the violation revealing capabilities, performance, and scalability of our approach, by means of two case studies, on the Exact Widget Framework and Pageflakes, a commercial, widely used widget framework.

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are equipped with multiple power sources for improving the efficiency and performance of their power supply system. An energy management (EM) strategy is needed to optimize the internal power flows and satisfy the driver's power demand. To achieve maximum fuel profits from EM, many solution methods have been presented. Optimal solution methods are typically not feasible in an online application due to their computational demand and their need to have a priori knowledge about future vehicle power demand. In this paper, an online EM strategy is presented with the ability to mimic the optimal solution but without using a priori road information. Rather than solving a mathematical optimization problem, the methodology concentrates on a physical explanation about when to produce, consume, and store electric power. This immediately reveals the vehicle characteristics that are important for EM. It is shown that this concept applies to many existing HEVs as well as possible future vehicle configurations. Since the method only focuses on typical vehicle characteristics, the underlying algorithm requires minor computational effort and can be executed in real time. Clear directions for online implementation are given in this paper. A parallel HEV with a 5-kW integrated starter/generator (ISG) is selected to demonstrate the performance of the EM strategy. Simulation results indicate that the proposed EM strategy exhibits similar behavior as an optimal solution obtained from dynamic programming. Profits in fuel economy primarily arise from engine stop/start and energy obtained during regenerative braking. This latter energy is preferably used for pure electric propulsion where the internal combustion engine is switched off.

User and usability studies, as well as technical analysis, revealed that some aspects of the gripper (end-effector) of the assistive robotic manipulator (ARM) need improvement. This paper proposes, discusses and presents the results of three redesigns of the gripper.

The theme of this paper centres on the experiences that have been gained from developing and operating an IPv6 Internet Exchange (IX). The UK6x has been in operation since 2001 and has become a well-respected connection point into the emerging IPv6 Internet. As will be illustrated, architecturally and operationally an IPv6 IX may be very different from a traditional IPv4 IX. Since 2002, the UK6x has been a key entity within the pan-European Euro6IX IPv6 network.

The notion of autonomous agents populating large-scale open environments, such as the public Internet, that are able to dynamically discover one another, interact and synthesise new software applications or results has become one of the key technology visions of the past few years. This Agentcities testbed represents one of the largest attempts to date to prototype such a vision: deploying current generations of agent and Semantic Web technologies to create a global test bed for dynamic service composition involving more than 100 participating organisations. The paper presents an overview of this initiative.

The dynamic mapping of science using the data in theScience Citation Index was put on the research agenda of science studies byDe Solla Price in the mid 1960s. Recently, proponents of ‘co-citation cluster analysis’ have claimed that in principle their methodology makes such mapping possible. The study examines this claim, both methodologically and theoretically, in relation to other means of mapping science. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented. At these three levels of possible study of aggregates of citations, an analysis is pursued for the years 1978 to 1984. The many different statistical methods which are in use for the analysis of the respective datamatrices—such as cluster analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scalling—are assessed with a view to their potential to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics at the different levels in relation to each other. This will lead to some recommendations about methods to use and to avoid when we aim at a comprehensive mapping of science. Although the study is pursued at a formal and analytical level, in the conclusions an attempt is made to reflect on the results in terms of further substantial questions for the study of the dynamics of science.