FNPC Research Institute of Applied Chemistry

The implementation and results of the study of the effect of the composition of the powder composition on the mechanical properties of the finished product used in pyrotechnics are discussed. A multicomponent powder composition was obtained, which includes a powder of aluminum, graphite, chalk, resin and ethyl alcohol. Comparative results of the strength of the studied powder composition with studies of the strength of aluminum and graphite powder after pressing are presented. It was established that the studied composition has properties that are different from those of the initial materials. The force of destruction of the composition at a pressing pressure p of 4000 kgs/cm2 is 2.7 times higher than that of graphite and 3.4 times lower than that of aluminum under the same equal conditions.

Biological thiols (Cys, Hcy and GSH) are crucial biomolecules in living cells and play indispensable roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis of organisms. But due to their similar molecular structure, the development of effective tools for distinguishing two or three of them remains a great difficulty. Herein, we constructed a sensitive sensor (CB) by connecting the bifunctional fluorescent reagent with coumarin derivatives for simultaneous recognition of these three thiols through different pathways. Free CB had no fluorescence; however, with gradual addition of thiols, the chlorine unit was replaced by sulfhydryl. Furthermore, the intramolecular rearrangement occurred between the amino and sulfhydryl groups of Cys/Hcy and yellow fluorescence was observed at 570 nm. However, GSH with a large structure could not undergo intramolecular rearrangement, and green fluorescence was excited at 505 nm. In this way, Cys/Hcy and GSH can be detected distinctively. Under dual excitation wavelengths, CB exhibited high selectivity and fast response to the three thiols. Furthermore, CB was successfully applied to imaging endogenous and exogenous thiols in living cells and zebrafish, providing us with a reliable tool for thiols recognition.

Based on the change in electron distribution of the benzopyrylium unit before and after sulfite addition, a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT)-based fluorophore generated the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process with a near-infrared enhanced emission at 836 nm and a large Stokes shift (286 nm). The probe was applied to image SO2 derivatives in cells and mice. Our data will provide new ideas for the development of ESIPT-based fluorescence probe with longer wavelength emission.

Redox homeostasis is key to maintaining the normal physiological status of living cells.

Based on its reducibility, the double bond can act as a reaction site for hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which had been demonstrated by a great deal of work. Nevertheless, the reactivity is influenced by the adjacent chemical environment. Therefore, in this work, we constructed a probe (QI) by methoxy-substituted quinoline conjugating dicyanoisoflurone, in which dicyano and pyridine N act as electron-withdrawing groups and the methoxy acts as an electron-donating group, to regulate their adjacent C[double bond, length as m-dash]C reactivity. The "push-pull" electron effect between the methoxy group and the pyridine N led to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond being passivated. On the other hand, another C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond was activated by the strong electron-pulling effect of the dicyano group. Thus, the previously weak intramolecular charge transfer became stronger after the dicyano adjacent to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C was oxidized by HOCl, and showed a strong emission shifted from 570 to 520 nm along with a color change. The reaction mechanism was verified by mass spectrometry, NMR and theoretical calculation, and further bioimaging demonstrated the practical application of the probe.

This paper presents a study of direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy during the combustion of a (80Zr + 20CuO)–(LiF + CaF2 + MgF2)–(15Zr + 85CuO) thin three-layer condensed energy system, which is a high-temperature galvanic cell. It is determined that this cell during combustion generates an electric signal with an amplitude of 1.6 V and a half-width of 15 s. Its formation mechanism is proposed. A time-resolving X-ray diffraction method is used to identify the phases formed.

Регулирование скорости горения пиротехнического состава на основе магния и нитрата натрия добавками различной природы и дисперсности

In this paper, treatment of [PhN(CH2)3NC(Ph)NSiMe3]2Li4·2Et2O with group IV metal chlorides yields corresponding compounds 3–5. The catalytic behaviors of 3–5 were investigated in the presence of MAO as co-catalyst for ethylene polymerization.