Far East University

Neoplasia affecting the feline spinal column is an uncommon clinical occurrence, with the most frequently documented types being lymphosarcoma, osteosarcoma, glial tumors, and meningioma. This report describes the first case of an extradural meningioma affecting the lumbar spinal cord of a cat. An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with a two-day history of paresis, dyschezia, and reduced tail movement. Hematologic testing and thoracic radiographs revealed no abnormalities; however, lumbar radiography identified a radiopaque mass in the spinal canal at the L5-6 level. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extruded nucleus pulposus-like extradural mass with limited parenchymal enhancement, compressing the spinal cord at L5-6. A hemilaminectomy was performed, and an extradural soft tissue mass not attached to the dura mater was excised. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a fibrous meningioma. While spinal meningiomas typically present as intradural extramedullary lesions, their occurrence in the extradural space is exceptionally uncommon, especially when no dural connection is present. This case provides the first imaging description of an extradural fibrous meningioma without dural involvement in a cat. Clinically, this highlights the importance of considering atypical forms of meningioma in the differential diagnosis of extradural spinal masses with minimal contrast enhancement.

Cold-bent glass has been utilized in a number of landmark projects globally, owing to its cost-effectiveness and low carbon footprint. To investigate the impact of cold bending loads on the long-term performance of insulating laminated glass, this paper proposes a durability testing method for cold-bent glass. This method is based on the hypothesis that the failure of the glass sealing system is caused by the cold bending process. It is novel in its use of full-scale glass panel specimens subjected to the maximum design cold-bend curvature to replicate the worst-case sealing boundary conditions present in actual installations. This method comprises three components: cold bending, cyclic immersion in water, and high–low temperature cycling. The durability is evaluated by assessing the laminating condition and sealing performance of the insulating laminated glass before and after testing. In total, 24 insulating glass samples from an actual engineering project were studied by the proposed methodology. The results indicate the following: (1) the proposed method demonstrates strong operational feasibility, suitable for durability testing and the assessment of cold-bent insulating laminated glass across diverse dimensions; (2) no significant quality or sealing issues were observed in the tested samples during the tests, suggesting that durability is minimally affected when the glass’s cold bending warpage is controlled within certain range; and (3) a discernible trend observed in the full-scale test data is that cold bending results in increased misalignment and decreased argon content. These findings provide a valuable reference for the design and construction of cold-bent glass curtain wall projects.

Cross-domain building segmentation in high-resolution remote sensing imagery underpins urban change monitoring, disaster assessment, and exposure mapping. However, differences in sensors, regions, and imaging conditions create structural and radiometric domain gaps that degrade model generalization. Most existing methods adopt model-centric domain adaptation with additional networks or losses, complicating training and deployment. We propose a data-centric framework, Hybrid Object-Based Augmentation and Histogram Matching (Hybrid OBA–HM), which improves cross-domain building segmentation without modifying the backbone architecture or using target-domain labels. The proposed framework comprises two stages: (i) object-based augmentation to increase structural diversity and building coverage, and (ii) histogram-based normalization to mitigate radiometric discrepancies across domains. Experiments on OpenEarthMap and cross-city transfer among three KOMPSAT-3A scenes show that Hybrid OBA–HM improves F1-scores from 0.808 to 0.840 and from 0.455 to 0.652, respectively, while maintaining an object-level intersection over union of 0.89 for replaced buildings. Domain-indicator analysis further reveals larger gains under stronger radiometric and geometric mismatches, indicating that the proposed framework strengthens cross-domain generalization and provides practical guidance by relating simple domain diagnostics (e.g., brightness/color and orientation mismatch indicators) to the expected benefits of augmentation and normalization when adapting to new domains.

IntroductionThe imposition of martial law on December 3, 2024, in South Korea has reignited critical discussions on the intersection of political systems and occupational justice. Authoritarian governance imposes significant restrictions and disruption of meaningful occupations and exacerbating inequities, particularly among marginalized communities. This study examines the implications of martial law through the lens of occupational justice and political occupational therapy. Additionally, the introduction engages with organizational communication theories, such as institutional discourse, public rhetoric, and crisis communication frameworks, to position occupational therapists as communicative agents of systemic change. By integrating historical events such as the Gwangju Uprising, the study aims to highlights systemic barriers to occupational engagement and the broader socio-political determinants of occupation.MethodsThis study employs an exploratory review methodology to analyze the impact of martial law on occupational justice. Drawing from historical, political, and occupational therapy literature, the review synthesizes theoretical frameworks, policy analyses, and case studies to examine how authoritarian governance shapes occupational participation. The study also explores the role of occupational therapists in addressing socio-political determinants of occupation during periods of political crisis.ResultsFindings indicate that martial law imposes systemic occupational disruptions, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities, including political dissidents, low-income workers, and individuals with disabilities. Restrictions on movement, expression, and access to essential services limit occupational engagement, reinforcing structural inequalities. Historical comparisons with events such as the Gwangju Uprising demonstrate recurring patterns of occupational injustice under authoritarian regimes. The analysis suggests that occupational therapy, when positioned as an inherently political discipline, has the potential to advocate for occupational rights and mitigate the impact of governance-related disruptions.ConclusionThis study argues for a paradigm shift in occupational therapy, urging practitioners to transcend traditional clinical roles and engage in policy advocacy. Recognizing occupational justice as a fundamental human right, occupational therapists can play a critical role in addressing socio-political determinants of occupation. By advocating for policies that safeguard occupational engagement during crises, the profession can contribute to a more just and equitable society.

PurposeMaternal depression can persist beyond the immediate postpartum period and can adversely affect maternal functioning and child development. However, evidence describing long-term trajectories and multidimensional predictors remains limited. This study investigated the 7-year trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms from childbirth to when the child reached 6 years of age and identified significant predictors across child, maternal, and family domains.MethodsIn total, 1,030 mothers from the Panel Study on Korean Children were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed at postpartum years 1, 3, 5, and 7 using the Kessler Depression Scale. Latent growth modeling was used to examine symptom trajectories, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of depressive-symptom risk.ResultsOverall, 55.6% of mothers experienced at least one episode of mild-to-moderate or severe depressive symptoms. Among at-risk mothers, depressive symptoms demonstrated a slight upward trajectory with significant individual variability (linear model fit: χ2=12.65, root mean square error of approximation=.05, comparative fit index=.96). Significant predictors included preterm or low-birth-weight delivery (odds ratio [OR]=2.29), prenatal depression (OR=2.61), postpartum depression at 1 month (OR=3.41), high parenting stress (OR=1.63), low self-esteem (OR=2.33), and marital conflict (OR=2.02). Higher educational attainment emerged as a protective factor (OR=0.59).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the persistence of maternal depressive symptoms and highlight key predictors for promptly identifying mothers at elevated risk. Integrating routine longitudinal screening with interventions targeting maternal stress, self-esteem, and family functioning may be critical for mitigating long-term depressive trajectories. Family-centered approaches, including partner involvement and conflict-management strategies, appear essential for improving maternal mental health and promoting healthier developmental environments for children.

Abstract Regional differences in flower visitor assemblages can lead to divergence of floral traits in plants. We investigated variation in floral traits and flower visitors across the distribution range of the African baobab, Adansonia digitata, focusing on populations in southern Africa, east Africa, and west Africa. We enumerated flower visitors by using camera traps, direct observations, and mist netting of bats. We compared floral morphology, nectar traits, and scent chemistry across the three regions. We found that floral traits, notably flower shape and scent chemistry, are highly divergent geographically and match the foraging behaviour, size, and known olfactory preferences of the most important flower visitors in each region. The bats Eidolon helvum and Rousettus aegyptiacus were the main flower visitors in west and east Africa, respectively, and we confirmed that flowers in southern Africa are not visited by bats. Moths, particularly hawkmoths, were frequent flower visitors in all regions. These results indicate that Adansonia digitata has diverged in floral phenotype across its distribution range, possibly in response to regional flower visitor assemblages.

The purpose of this study is to identify research trends by analyzing academic articles related to fatigue in the Korea aviation field.The research used the quantitative content analysis method.There are a total of 53 analyzed articles, from 1993 to 2024, collected according to the data collection procedure.The subjects of the study were pilots (25, 47.2%), cabin crew (15, 28.3%), air traffic controllers (5, 9.4%), flight dispatchers (2, 3.8%), and aircraft maintenance technicians (1, 1.9%).The analysis of the research issues are fatigue-related factors (29, 54.7%), fatigue management (14, 26.4%), fatigue measurement (6, 11.3%), the concept of fatigue (2, 3.8%), and policies and regulations of fatigue (2, 3.8%).Analysis of fatigue management and prevention policies includes flight work time adjustment and management (15, 20.5%), rest time improvement and adjustment (13, 17.8%), application of fatigue risk management system (11, 15.1%), personal health management (11, 15.1%), working hour adjustment (8, 10.9%), government and airline policy support (5, 6.8%), education (5, 6.8%), flight mission adjustment (2, 2.7%), strengthening of communication (2, 2.7%), and establishing a safety culture (1, 1.6%).The conclusion of the study is that future fatigue research in aviation will require interdisciplinary fatigue research from a variety of disciplines.

This study aimed to compare the results of patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) between MapCHECK and Octavius for radiation therapy. A total of 50 patients with passing PSQA results were included. The point dose difference (DD) and gamma passing rate (GPR) were analyzed to evaluate the agreement between the measured and planned data, and the PSQA results from the two quality assurance (QA) devices were compared for all cases. The DDs and GPRs were within the tolerance ranges in all of the cases. The average GPR difference between the two detectors was statistically significant for the brain and the H&N values for the gamma criteria were 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 1%/1 mm. These PSQA systems can be used interchangeably for routine PSQA during the delivery of radiation therapy.

ChatGPT (OpenAI), a state-of-the-art large language model, has exhibited remarkable performance in various specialized applications. Despite the growing popularity and efficacy of artificial intelligence, there is a scarcity of studies that assess ChatGPT's competence in addressing multiple-choice questions (MCQs) using KIDMAP of Rasch analysis-a website tool used to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in MCQ answering. This study aims to (1) showcase the utility of the website (Rasch analysis, specifically RaschOnline), and (2) determine the grade achieved by ChatGPT when compared to a normal sample. The capability of ChatGPT was evaluated using 10 items from the English tests conducted for Taiwan college entrance examinations in 2023. Under a Rasch model, 300 simulated students with normal distributions were simulated to compete with ChatGPT's responses. RaschOnline was used to generate 5 visual presentations, including item difficulties, differential item functioning, item characteristic curve, Wright map, and KIDMAP, to address the research objectives. The findings revealed the following: (1) the difficulty of the 10 items increased in a monotonous pattern from easier to harder, represented by logits (-2.43, -1.78, -1.48, -0.64, -0.1, 0.33, 0.59, 1.34, 1.7, and 2.47); (2) evidence of differential item functioning was observed between gender groups for item 5 (P=.04); (3) item 5 displayed a good fit to the Rasch model (P=.61); (4) all items demonstrated a satisfactory fit to the Rasch model, indicated by Infit mean square errors below the threshold of 1.5; (5) no significant difference was found in the measures obtained between gender groups (P=.83); (6) a significant difference was observed among ability grades (P<.001); and (7) ChatGPT's capability was graded as A, surpassing grades B to E. By using RaschOnline, this study provides evidence that ChatGPT possesses the ability to achieve a grade A when compared to a normal sample. It exhibits excellent proficiency in answering MCQs from the English tests conducted in 2023 for the Taiwan college entrance examinations.