Fatima Jinnah Women University

Aim: Meteorological factors pose a significant threat to food security through disruptions in food availability, access, utilization, and stability.Extreme temperatures, erratic precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events adversely affect agricultural productivity, fisheries, and livestock, exacerbating inequalities in food access.This study examines the impact of meteorological factors on food security in Pakistan using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and investigates how household-level adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mitigates these effects across different climatic zones. Material and methods: Using district-level climatic data from NASA Power and household-level ICT adoption indicators sourced from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement 2019-2020 survey, the study examines the impact of climate factors on food security and examines the moderating effect of ICT. The estimation is done at the national and climatic zones utilizing linear (OLS) and quantile regression. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of meteorological factors are calculated, and the moderating role of ICT is computed.Results: The findings reveal that all four meteorological variables negatively and significantly affect household food security.Among these, wind speed and precipitation exert the strongest adverse effects, particularly in tropical zones.The results also confirm regional heterogeneity, with the tropical zone being the most vulnerable.The quantile regression shows that the mitigation through ICT is most effective for households with a low level of food security.

This article investigates the gendered impact of climate change on agricultural livelihoods in rain-dependent villages of Attock District, Rawalpindi Division (Punjab, Pakistan). Drawing on 24 semi-structured interviews with twelve men and twelve women conducted in Domel and Basal, the study shows how unpredictable rainfall, increasing water scarcity, and declining yields undermine household food security and income stability. Women bear disproportionate burdens, including increased water fetching, livestock care, and household resource management, while remaining excluded from major household decision-making. Men and women adopt different coping mechanisms to manage harsh and unpredictable climate conditions; these include livelihood diversification, home gardening, and community cooperation, yet they remain insufficient without structural support. Using a Marxist feminist framework, the study demonstrates how patriarchal and capitalist relations intensify the invisible exploitation of women’s reproductive labor, further burdening already overworked women in rural households. The findings highlight the urgent need for gender-inclusive policies, farmer training, and recognition of women’s contributions to strengthen climate resilience in Pakistan’s vulnerable agrarian communities.

This study explores the stylistic features of legal discourse in Pakistani criminal law, specifically through a register analysis of Supreme Court verdicts. The use of special vocabulary, sentence constructions and style of writing has been seen to make the legal language complex, rigid and closed-ended. Such complications in Pakistan impact transparency and accessibility since most of the English-written legal texts in the country are dominated by the Islamic and British traditions of law. The paper analyses the role of language in the formation of legal authority, the impartiality of the court, and the clarity of interpretation in Supreme Court of Pakistan decisions. The theoretical framework is premised on the stylistic and register analysis model by Halliday (1978) and Fairclough (1995), which aids in explaining how the social context and legal role influence language. The qualitative analysis focuses on the review of 12 verdicts of the English Supreme Court that can be regarded as the best examples of formal legal language in Pakistan because of their judicial authority and thoroughness. The selection of these judgements was due to the reason that they represent the most institutionalised and formal legal language in Pakistan. The results indicate that epistemic certainties, depersonalised agents, and integrations of verdicts into a network of intertextual precedents can be predicted by stylistic choices as a means of supporting the validity of judicial rulings. The research paper adds to the analysis of legal discourse through illustrating the use of register as an authority-making mechanism in postcolonial legal settings. The paper finds that the stylistic devices used are no longer ornamental but functional: they convey legal meaning, organise judicial reasoning, and promote the interpretation clarity of complex legal terms.

Background: Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major global health threat, yet its mental health consequences remain insufficiently synthesized, particularly among vulnerable populations. While physical health impacts are well documented, growing evidence indicates that climate-related stressors exert profound psychological effects through both direct and indirect pathways. Objective: This systematic review aimed to critically examine the mental health impacts of climate change, identify the environmental and socioeconomic pathways linking climate stressors to psychological well-being, and highlight priority populations and areas for intervention. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect for peer-reviewed studies published between 220 and 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies were screened, appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and synthesized using a narrative thematic approach. Ten high-quality studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The review found consistent evidence linking climate change to anxiety, depression, stress-related disorders, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and emerging climate-specific conditions such as eco-anxiety, climate grief, and solastalgia. Women, pregnant mothers, children, and socioeconomically vulnerable populations were disproportionately affected. Mental health impacts occurred through both acute exposures to extreme weather events and chronic stressors such as displacement, livelihood insecurity, and environmental degradation. Conclusion: Climate change represents a substantial and growing threat to global mental health. Integrating mental health into climate adaptation, disaster preparedness, and public health policy is essential to reduce future psychological burden and protect vulnerable populations.

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a significant role in developing effective leadership skills among students. This study explores the impact of emotional intelligence on students’ leadership abilities in educational settings. This research examines how emotionally intelligent students demonstrate better decision-making, conflict resolution, teamwork, and communication skills compared to those with lower levels of emotional intelligence. The main objective of studies is to examine how students describe the role of emotional intelligence in developing their leadership abilities and identify the emotional intelligence components that students believe are most important for effective leadership. refers to the ability to recognize, understand, manage, and regulate one’s own emotions while also being sensitive to the emotions of others. This research using a qualitative design to gain in-depth insights into students’ experiences and perceptions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with secondary and higher secondary students. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and core themes related to emotional intelligence and leadership development. The findings of the study reveal that emotional Intelligence plays a significant role in strengthening students’ leadership capabilities. Students with higher emotional awareness demonstrated greater confidence in decision-making and were more effective in resolving conflicts. The study concludes that emotional Intelligence significantly influences the development of leadership skills among students. Therefore, it is recommended that schools integrate emotional intelligence training, reflective practices, and collaborative activities into their curricula to promote holistic leadership development and prepare students for future academic, professional, and social responsibilities.

ABSTRACT Multifunctional properties of nitrogen‐based oxohalide KNOX 2 (X = Br, Cl, and F) compounds are investigated by using GGA‐PBE functional in (Density Functional Theory) DFT. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that for each compound there exists a characteristic peak at 38.45°, confirming the orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. According to the obtained results, the electronic band structures of KNOX 2 (X = Br, Cl, and F) compounds indicate semiconductor behavior with indirect bandgaps of 1.507, 2.158, and 3.225 eV respectively, which are convenient for optoelectronic devices. Optical properties of materials are computed and discussed in terms of photon energy in order to comprehend the connection between light and its interaction with matter. Optical topologies predict high absorption, dielectric function and refractive index values in the visible and near ultraviolet (UV) regions indicating that these materials are good for solar energy applications. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties are explored by (Density Functional Perturbation Theory) DFPT method and the zero point energies of compounds are 0.9589, 0.9841, and 1.4478 eV, respectively. The change in zero‐point energies demonstrates that atomic interactions and bond strengths are quite susceptible for all compounds. Mechanical characteristics exhibit anisotropic behavior in XY , YZ , and XZ planes. The mechanical characteristics (B/G >1.75) demonstrate their ductility and suitability for next‐generation photovoltaic solar cell applications.

In this article coset diagrams of the action of PSL(2, Z) on a PL(F_p) are obtained, through parametrization, which yields one of the eight finite generalized triangle groups which are homomorphic images or quotients of PSL(2, Z). Other than this we analyzed the coset diagrams for the parameter for three finite generalized triangle groups. One of the most dependable methods for achieving data security has been the block cipher. S-Boxes constructed using algebraic structure have gained popularity recently because of their advantageous cryptographic properties and high non-linearity have been found in these structures, which attract researchers. With the help of these parametrized actions, a novel algebraic method to create 2^8 S-Boxe was established. The S-Box provides strong cryptographic qualities of nonlinearity 112, differential uniformity 6, linear approximation probability of 0.0576 and differential attack probability of 0.0039. To assess the practical applicability of our S-box, we integrate it into an image encryption scheme and present experimental results to showcase its efficacy in real-world scenarios. When used with an image encryption framework, the following results were obtained: NPCR = 0.9959, UACI = 0.3348, and approx. Entropy 7.98. Therefore, GTG based parametrisation has been shown to be an effective and secure alternative to traditional algebraic construction method for S-Boxes.