Faulkner University

OBJECTIVE: To explore patients’ understanding of how manual therapy works. DESIGN: Qualitative interview study. METHODS: Patients receiving outpatient physical therapy for a musculoskeletal condition were interviewed using an interpretive description research approach, and their responses were analyzed and coded into themes. An online survey was used to gather demographic data. RESULTS: Twenty six participants (mean [standard deviation] age: 60.5 [8.8]) were interviewed. Three major themes emerged and centered largely around the perceived outcomes, not mechanisms, of manual therapy: mechanical, neurophysiological, and psychological. Eight subthemes were extracted, the most common of which included 1) increased mobility, 2) improved circulation, 3) decreased pain, and 4) realignment of the body. CONCLUSION: Patients’ understanding of how manual therapy works centered on mechanical, neurophysiological, and psychological effects. Patients believed that structural changes occurred during manual therapy treatment, ultimately impacting their overall outcomes. Providers should be aware of patients’ beliefs when using manual therapy interventions.

ABSTRACT In the late 1920s, two major defalcations by board treasurers rocked the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC). The first was a theft of a little over $100,000 from the Foreign Mission Board in Richmond, VA, and the second was a staggering $900,000 from the Home Mission Board in Atlanta, GA. A common thread between the thefts was an overarching, albeit misplaced, trust in the men involved, combined with a lack of direct control by the separate boards and lax audit procedures. In the end, both perpetrators were convicted of their crimes and went to jail. The scandal compelled SBC officials to develop new accounting controls to minimize the risk of a reoccurrence in the future. Data Availability: Articles and books used in this manuscript are available from the public sources and cited in References. JEL Classification: M40; M41; M42.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistulas are complex medical/surgical issue that may arise after obstructed labor in areas without access to maternal health care providers. In some areas, fistulas have devastating social consequences on the patient. Easier visualization of the fistula during the surgery might contribute to better surgical success. For this purpose, we describe the use of inexpensive, humble methods available in resource-limited areas. The drug phenazopyridine makes urine orange, whereby easing visualization of fistula(s) during surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of phenazopyridine administration in the resource limited settings. Methods: Medical record review was conducted. Data has been prospectively followed from all patients with vesicovaginal fistulas. All cases were staffed by experienced gynecologic oncologists with multiple different medical trainees (American and Ivorian) assisting. For the first 3 mission trips, no phenazopyridine was given pre-operatively. For the fourth to ninth trip, phenazopyridine was given preoperatively along with enhanced recovery medications. All patients had transurethral catheters left in place for 2 weeks that were removed by a medical professional. Imaging was not available and so success of the repair was based on patient reported symptoms after removal. Patient outcomes (subjective success by patient report) were compared between the two groups (without versus with phenazopyridine). Two-tail Chi square statistics with a significance of 0.05 were performed. Results: 53 patients with vesicovaginal fistulas arising after obstructed labor were primarily treated during nine two-week mission trips. Another 5 patients had urethral vaginal fistulas and these were not included in the report. Of the 53 patients, 9 patients also had co-existing rectovaginal fistulas that were repaired at the same time. The first group of 17 vesicovaginal fistulas (no phenazopyridine given) had a success rate of 76.5% (13/17) while the second group (phenazopyridine given) had a success rate of 97.2% (35/36) (p = 0.016). At the same time the rate of multiple vesicovaginal fistulas in the same patient changed from 5.8% (1/17) in the first group to 22.2% (8/36) (p = 0.14). Conclusions: Using phenazopyridine pre-operatively aided the surgeons in diagnosing multiple vesicovaginal fistulas more commonly and may have benefitted patients by leading to a higher surgical success rate.

Christians have wrestled with conscience from Christianity’s beginning to the present. Does it exist? Do religious and nonreligious people have it? Is conscience a subjective or objective reality? Christians have asked if it is God’s voice, human beings’ own voice, or the voice of the community. Is conscience found in natural law? Is it a combination of the mind, will, heart, and/or the soul? Is it a divine judgment or a self-evaluation? What are the consequences of following an erroneous conscience? Lately, questions have arisen about conscience in a pluralistic society. What ought to be the relationship between conscience and law? Commentators also struggle with questions about accommodating institutions’ conscience claims. Which institutions might qualify and why? Lawmakers also contend over conscience claims made by individuals concerning military service, or over state laws about family matters increasingly at odds with Christian commitments. This book explores sources having lasting influence upon questions about conscience, including the New Testament, Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Roger Williams, US federal and state constitutions, and Pope Benedict XVI, among many others.

Conscience has long been a foundational theme in Christian ethics, but it is a notoriously slippery and contested term. This volume works to define conscience and reveal the similarities and differences between different Christian traditions' thinking on the subject. In a thorough and scholarly manner, the authors explore Christian theological, legal, constitutional, historical, and philosophical meanings of conscience. Covering a range of historical periods, major figures in the development of conscience, and contemporary applications, this book is a vital source for scholars from a wide variety of disciplines seeking to understand conscience from a range of perspectives.

The Book of Proverbs and Virtue Ethics: Integrating the Biblical and Philosophical Traditions. By Arthur Jan Keefer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. 325. 80.00 (digital). ISBN: 9781108839778. - Volume 36 Issue 2

Purpose Representation of faculty of color (FoC) in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders is limited. FoC face unique challenges within academic institutions. As FoC, we present an overview of three critical areas that directly affect our academic careers: cultural competency, imposter syndrome, and racial microaggression. Definitions, examples, and potential solutions to improve the experience of FoC are provided. Conclusions While this article provides a foundation for further discussion, we call upon institutions of higher learning to act now and to recognize the unique obstacles faced by FoC. By implementing solutions, the current academic climate will reflect inclusivity and support of FoC.

Changes today, resulting from the development and application of information and communication technologies, transform the way of relating, consuming, and working.In the world of work, one of the consequences generated by the possibilities of using these technologies is the flexibilization of labor relations, with what has become popularized as "uberization" in reference to the Uber phenomenon.Not infrequently, it is also used as an expression of precariousness due to the lack of social protection that characterizes work mediated by digital platforms.Like Uber, in 2019, a company designed and conducted for and by women was created in a medium-sized municipality in the state of Paraná.Considering that the application was created based on a demand from drivers and users with a history of harassment and violence in the use and employment of other applications, the impacts linked to job insecurity are added, making them doubly vulnerable.Therefore, the question that permeates the research is: how does work affect the health of workers, particularly women who are part of the so-called precarious labor market?This research aimed to analyze the perception of women app drivers about their work and their health.It was carried out through interviews with open questions and submitted to Bardin's content analysis.