Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations

Introduction Caloneis egena is a species of diatom originally described from Campeche Bay (Mexico) that is regarded as cosmopolitan, with several reports from the Pacific region. Methods A strain of diatom from the genus Caloneis was isolated from the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi (Indonesia). It was subjected to an integrated approach combining microscopy, genomic analyses, and phylogeny. Results Although looking similar to C. egena , the strain from Tomini was found to be a new species, hereby described as Caloneis paraegena sp. nov. The complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes were sequenced and annotated and represent the first organellar genomes made available for the genus Caloneis . The multigene phylogeny inferred from these results positions C. paraegena as sister to a clade that associates Caloneis fontinalis , C. silicula , and C. lewisii . Discussion A survey of the literature dedicated to C. egena led to questioning its distribution, suggesting that records from the Pacific region might, in fact, represent C. paraegena based on morphology. Because of the absence of a molecular reference for C. egena , the exact relationship between these two species remains to be verified.

The results of the study of zircon grains recovered from ancient and modern diamond placers of the Lena–Anabar subprovince of the Siberian Diamondiferous Province are presented. The study includes U–Pb dating and quantification of trace and rare earth elements using a SHRIMP-IIе ion microprobe. The research has covered all commercial diamond placers of the Anabar, Kuonamka, and Prilensky regions, along with placer occurrences in the Lower and Middle Olenek, Muna–Tyung, and Primorsky diamondiferous regions. Kimberlite zircon grains associated with diamonds yielded Jurassic, Triassic, Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous, and Silurian–Early Devonian ages. These dates correspond well with the known ages of primary sources. The analysis of both balance and mined-out placers indicates that 75% of the placer diamond deposits originated from Triassic primary sources.

The objective of this study is to assess public exposure to natural background gamma radiation in Cotonou, southern Benin, in West Africa. This is a cross-sectional study with both descriptive and analytical aims, conducted from July to December 2024. The methodology involved continuous, georeferenced measurement of the ambient gamma dose rate at a height of one meter (1 m) above ground level using a spectrometer. The study sites included city streets and selected markets, including Dantokpa, an open-air market, and eight indoor markets. A total of 341,991 data points were recorded along the streets and 16,202 were recorded within the markets. The ambient gamma dose equivalent rate along the streets ranged from 4.67 to 136.84 nSv·h– 1, with an average of 25.11 ± 12.72 nSv·h– 1. The highest average rate was observed in District 5, which hosts a cement manufacturing plant. The average dose rates were 23.71 ± 12.90 nSv·h– 1 at the Dantokpa market and 69.72 ± 21.96 nSv·h– 1 in the indoor markets. In the latter, the dose rates were higher than those recorded in their respective districts. The estimated external annual effective doses were 0.04 ± 0.02 mSv for streets, 0.10 ± 0.06 mSv for Dantokpa, and 0.30 ± 0.09 mSv for indoor markets. These values remain below the worldwide average of 0.87 mSv, as recognized by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for public exposure to natural radiation of terrestrial and cosmic origin. Overall, ambient gamma radiation exposure in Cotonou is low, though higher in enclosed market environments. These values may serve as baseline references for future studies in Cotonou and other African cities.

In the Korean cultural heritage, the “mountain-water” landscape painting (sansuhwa, Korean: 산수화) is perceived as an expression of the philosophical and aesthetic traditions of its time. Nowadays, this genre has retained its inherent ability to convey not only traditional ideas, but also to reflect the problems of modern society, transforming into new visual images, called neo-sansu (Korean: 네오산수) by researchers. The aim of the study is to understand the features of this genre by studying the distinctive characteristics of the artistic methods of the authors, for whom the “mountain-water” landscape is a successful model of assimilation of the traditional view in the context of modern technologism. Based on the analysis of the works of a number of modern Korean masters, it is concluded that they, representing the desire to express the problems of modernity, speaking in a new language of art, but using the aesthetic concept inherent in the traditional Korean landscape, assert new forms of landscape art in visual practices.

The Indonesian Maritime Continent is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change, as exemplified by tidal flooding events in the Riau Islands from 2022 to 2024. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of sea level dynamics and anomalies associated with tidal flooding (rob) and identify the contributing factors. Data on tidal flooding events were gathered from press and online social media reports, while additional information on significant wave height, ocean currents, and wind was obtained from the CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) Marine Copernicus archives (marine.copernicus.eu). Observational data from tide gauge stations were also accessed via the IOC sea level monitoring system (ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org). The findings revealed a high probability of tidal flooding during the north wind season, particularly in January and February. Notably, tidal elevations during flooding events reached 3.06 m on January 25, 2023, 3.00 m on February 21, 2023, and 3.09 m on February 12, 2024. These events were driven by a combination of oceanographic and atmospheric factors, including high tidal ranges during spring tides, strong wind speeds averaging 19.04 to 21.43 knots in January–February 2023 and 18.65 knots in February 2024, dominant southward current patterns, and significant wave heights reaching up to 1.08 m. The alignment of the sun, moon, and earth during full and new moon phases amplified gravitational forces, causing elevated sea levels. Furthermore, strong winds during the north wind season contributed to higher wave heights, intensifying flooding impacts. Analysis of current patterns indicates that the highest speeds were recorded during the northern wind season, specifically in January and February, which coincides with the tidal flooding events. The currents predominantly moved southward, aligning with the wind direction during this season. This study reveals oceanographic and atmospheric interactions driving tidal flooding, offering insights for mitigation and adaptation to enhance resilience in vulnerable coastal regions.

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Fermentation improves the biological function of proteins. Bioactive peptides increase after fermentation. Indonesia has many unexplored sources of bioactive peptides in fermented food. Indonesian high-protein fermented foods have high bioactivity potential. Research is needed on the bioactivity of Indonesian bioactive peptides sources for broader health implications. Abstract Bioactive peptides (BPs) are short protein fragments with significant physiological functions, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. These compounds are commonly released during fermentation, making high-protein fermented foods (HPFF) a promising source of natural health-promoting agents. Indonesia, with its rich biodiversity and long-standing tradition of fermentation, offers a unique variety of traditional HPFF. However, the potential of these indigenous products as BP sources remains underexplored and poorly represented in the global literature. This review aims to examine Indonesian traditional HPFF as a source of BPs, categorize them based on raw material, and highlight their functional and health-related properties. A narrative literature review was conducted using publications from Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and SINTA (2000–2023). The search applied Boolean strategies and the PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome) framework to identify relevant studies on fermented foods, bioactive peptides, and their biological activities. Indonesian HPFF including tempeh, rusip, dangke, pekasam, and cangkuk contain BPs with diverse bioactivities. Tempeh shows antidiabetic and antihypertensive potential; rusip exhibits antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects; dangke and cangkuk demonstrate antimicrobial and ACE-inhibitory activities. These functional properties are influenced by substrate type (e.g., legumes, fish, milk), microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus spp., yeasts), and fermentation conditions. Notably, certain Indonesian HPFF exhibit multi-functional peptides with synergistic health effects, suggesting significant therapeutic promise. This review bridges a critical knowledge gap by consolidating evidence on BPs from Indonesian HPFF. It provides a foundation for future investigations into peptide bioactivity, supports functional food innovation, and highlights the global relevance of Indonesia’s fermentation heritage in health science and sustainable nutrition.

Elephant grass is a common forage for livestock fodder, yet it is prone to damage and requires preservation through silage-making techniques. This study was investigating the potential usage of expired commercial syrup (ECS) as a source of glucose in elephant grass silage production. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. Treatments included a control group that consist of elephant grass (P1/control), and four supplemented grasses with ECS at levels of 2.50% (P2), 5% (P3), 7.50% (P4), and 10% (P5) based on dry matter (DM). After ensiling for 30 days at room temperature, various parameters were measured, i.e. aroma, texture, color, fungal growth, pH, dry matter, dry matter loss (DML), and fleigh value. Data were analysis using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's test. The results revealed that ECS incorporation up to 10% DM had a significant influence on the evaluated parameters (p<0,05). The results showed P5 received the highest ratings from panellists for aroma (3.75; distinctive fermented acidity), texture (3.61; fine and non-clumping), and color (3.54; green). Additionally, P5 exhibited minimal fungal growth (1.57%), an optimal pH range (3.24-4.56), the highest dry matter content (31.4%), the lowest dry matter loss (2.27%), and the highest fleigh value (138). The research concluded that expired commercial syrup could use as a stimulant additive in elephant grass ensiling, effectively. Key words: elephant grass, expired commercial syrup, fungal growth, physical quality, silage

Tauopathy is a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation of microtubule-associated tau protein. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of tauopathies, however, substantial evidence has shown that there is a major role of neuroinflammation in the disease progression. According to the literature, ionizing radiation (IR) may serve as an effective tool for managing neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated effects of the combined IR (γ-rays and carbon-12 nuclei) on locomotor abilities and microglial activation markers in the brain of Tau P301S mice, a transgenic model for tauopathy. Irradiation resulted in the improvement of behavioral symptoms in mice: increased endurance and locomotor activity in the early symptomatic and terminal stages of the disease, respectively. At the same time, irradiation led to increase in the levels of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum and, to a lesser extent, in the hippocampus of the irradiated animals. The obtained data indicate a significant modulatory effect of IR on the innate immune system, highlighting high potential of radiotherapy as a new strategy for neurodegenerative disease treatment.

The authors consider the creation of scientific and technical programs for conversion of nuclear research reactors at the decommissioning stage in terms of extending the designated service life of all operating nuclear research reactors (RRs) in Russia. To solve this problem, a methodology is proposed that includes an information model and a description of the necessary step-by-step actions, along with a set of appendices in the form of documents describing the best ways of creating a project for managing the quality of RR conversion in relation to special conditions of the life cycles of specific nuclear reactors. The methodology is described in the form of principles and means of construction and structure. An example of applying this methodology to the conversion of the Hydra salt solution pulse nuclear research reactor at the stage of decommissioning is presented. The reason for converting the Hydra reactor is to extend the designated service life by replacing nonrepairable equipment (the vessel). The main criteria for confirming the remaining service life of the vessel are formulated. They include the safety margin of the vessel’s material with allowance for the fluence accumulated on the more vulnerable areas and confirming the integrity and tightness of the vessel. For clarity, the conceptual information model of the methodology for confirming the safety of replacing the Hydra reactor vessel is given in the form of an Ishikawa diagram. The methodology consists of a number of consecutive scientific and technical activities, studies, and a finite number of actions in order to achieve the ultimate goal of extending the service life. The stages of the methodology for confirming the safety of replacing the Hydra reactor vessel are described. These include clarifying the initial data, performing computational studies and laboratory experiments, clarifying the requirements of methodological documentation, creating a working plan, and preparing license documents of operation.