Federal Correctional Institution Schuylkill

ABSTRACT Introduction To date, there are no caregiver-reported screening measures of oral behaviors related to feeding. The goal of this study was to develop such a measure. Method Caregivers of 803 children referred to a feeding clinic and 188 comparison children reported their children’s frequency of nine oral behaviors. These data were used to develop an Oral Behavior Screener (OBS). Both the psychometrics of the OBS and the relations between the OBS and child demographics were examined. Results As expected, the clinical sample demonstrated more deficits in oral behaviors than the comparison sample. We also found special needs status and age were linked to the OBS summary score. Discussion The OBS is a brief screener that can be used by clinicians to examine the need for further assessment, possible targets for intervention, oral behaviors often associated with feeding problems.

3-Phenyl-2-(thio-phen-3-yl)-2,3-di-hydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]thia-zin-4-one (C17H12N2OS2, 1) and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]thia-zin-4-one 0.438-hydrate (C21H15N3OS·0.438H2O, 2) crystallize in space groups P21/n and C2/c, respectively. The asymmetric unit in each case is comprised of two parent mol-ecules, albeit of mixed chirality in the case of 1 and of similar chirality in 2 with the enanti-omers occupying the neighboring asymmetric units. Structure 2 also has water mol-ecules (partial occupancies) that form continuous channels along the b -axis direction. The thia-zine rings in both structures exhibit an envelope conformation. Inter-molecular inter-actions in 1 are defined only by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between crystallographically independent mol-ecules. In 2, hydrogen bonds of the type N-H⋯O between independent mol-ecules and C-H⋯N(π) type, and π-π stacking inter-actions between the pyridine rings of symmetry-related mol-ecules are observed.

In today's interconnected digital ecosystem, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) stand at the forefront of innovation, efficiency, and resource management. However, the rapid ascension of AI and ML technologies that provide a foundation of groundbreaking capabilities need to be protected. Moreover, techniques that make AI and ML effective, efficient, and a force multiplier within the computing domain, and the central tenets of modern AI and ML technological advancement positioning them as the future of tomorrow, need to be safeguarded against exploitation and abuse by threat actors. Based on their ubiquity, embedded use of AI and ML within industry faces a major paradox; as AI and ML technologies empower and streamline operations while providing transformative benefits to users, they simultaneously introduce formidable threats through security vulnerabilities that can cause massive damage if not defended against. This discourse delves into cybersecurity vulnerabilities inherent to AI and ML implementations within critical infrastructure domains of supply chain management and project management to explore how these weaknesses may be exploited. Further, we discuss ways AI and ML can be exploited by cybersecurity vulnerabilities within industry to compromise data and resources. Through a focused, multiple case study, we identify a serious flaw within AL and ML needing further investigation, identify data needing further examination, and isolate specific cybersecurity threats associated with AI and ML in supply chain management and project management, including exploitation of user vulnerabilities, use of AI and ML to bypass security measures, and use of AI and ML to automate attacks.

Chrysophyte stomatocysts are well documented in lake sediments, but except for a few studies on sexually reproducing colonial chrysophytes, little is known regarding encystment cues in these algae. Ochromonas pinguis Conrad, a mixotrophic chrysophyte with an unknown sexual history was observed to produce stomatocysts, albeit at a low frequency. To determine if the low rate of encystment was typical or whether manipulating environmental conditions might enhance the rate of resting cyst production O. pinguis was subjected to various physical and chemical conditions in a batch culture. O. pinguis cultures were manipulated by culturing them in DY-V inorganic medium in variable light, pH, and temperature conditions, and at varying levels of N and P limitation. Except for growth in continuous darkness, all treatments resulted in an increase in O. pinguis concentration. Five treatments resulted in a corresponding increase in stomatocyst concentration. In the remaining treatments stomatocyst production was steady although sporadic. The encystment frequency however was minimal in all manipulations and ranged from 0.008 to 0.03% of the population undergoing cyst formation. In this study, O. pinguis stomatocyst production was not influenced by laboratory manipulations but rather a minute proportion of the population produced stomatocysts regardless of environmental conditions.

Honey bee colony management is critical to mitigating the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stressors. However, there is significant variation in the practices implemented by beekeepers, which results in varying management systems. This longitudinal study incorporated a systems approach to experimentally test the role of three representative beekeeping management systems (conventional, organic, and chemical-free) on the health and productivity of stationary honey-producing colonies over 3 years. We found that the survival rates for colonies in the conventional and organic management systems were equivalent, but around 2.8 times greater than the survival under chemical-free management. Honey production was also similar, with 102% and 119% more honey produced in conventional and organic management systems, respectively, than in the chemical-free management system. We also report significant differences in biomarkers of health including pathogen levels (DWV, IAPV, Vairimorpha apis, Vairimorpha ceranae) and gene expression (def-1, hym, nkd, vg). Our results experimentally demonstrate that beekeeping management practices are key drivers of survival and productivity of managed honey bee colonies. More importantly, we found that the organic management system—which uses organic-approved chemicals for mite control—supports healthy and productive colonies, and can be incorporated as a sustainable approach for stationary honey-producing beekeeping operations.

Advancements in technology have brought with it widespread use and utilization of the lnternet-of-Things (IoT); a catch-all moniker identifying the collection of eclectic hardware and software mediums connecting people with small electronic computing and monitoring devices, such as SMART products: television, thermostat, speaker, refrigerator, etc. As personal IoT adaptation has grown in parallel with IoT home integration, so too have IoT concerns related to Privacy, Trust, and the Security risks associated with individual end-user protection, especially from IoT devices linked to Facebook (Meta) (F), Apple (A), Amazon (A), Netflix (N), and Google (G); conversationally identifiable as F(M).A.A.N.G. corporations. As a result, the list of IoT threats, security weaknesses, and vulnerabilities has grown exponentially. Nefarious actors have taken advantage of this growing technology, reaching into homes and offices far beyond established limits set by end-users. This research will use a multiple case study approach to analyze IoT security breach events to identify current Privacy, Trust, and Security risks to end-users associated with IoT devices. Furthermore, this research will also utilize security behavioral research by Anderson and Agarwal to introduce a Safe Computing Practices Model (SCPM) that can be implemented by end-users when integrating IoT devices.

In the racemic title compound, C26H24N2O2S2, one of the thia-zine rings shows a twisted boat conformation (Q = 0.743 Å, θ = 92.1°) and the other a half-chair puckering (Q = 0.669 Å, θ = 54.3°). The terminal phenyl rings are almost parallel to each other [dihedral angle 21.71 (10)°]. Both of these rings are orthogonal to the central phenyl ring, subtending a dihedral angle of about 78° in each case. The extended structure is consolidated by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds as well as aromatic ring inter-actions of parallel-displaced and T-type. The mol-ecule has approximate C2 local symmetry but this is not carried over to its three-dimensional structure or the inter-molecular inter-actions.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to expand available knowledge on predictors of male inmate violence by examining a large set of variables offered by the importation, deprivation and threat appraisal and coping theories.Design/methodology/approachA total of 465 male inmates from five medium-security prisons in Wisconsin completed surveys to report demographics, violence, personality, social stressors and healthy coping behaviors to help manage risk by identifying key factors.FindingsInmates reported more violence with the “imported” characteristics of younger age, less incarceration, no college experience and personality patterns of impulsiveness, hostility and internal locus of control. More violence was reported by inmates with social stressors experienced from family and correctional staff. Additionally, less violence was reported by inmates with more healthy coping behaviors of exercise and social support, especially from family and other inmates.Research limitations/implicationsOne must remain uncertain about whether similar patterns of demographics, personality, social stressors and coping behaviors associated with inmate violence would be found in other US prisons. Future research can determine whether similar predictors of violence are found for women inmates and the consideration of ethnicity should be warranted when examining predictors of inmate violence.Practical implicationsPrison administrators can develop new programs to reduce social stressors and increase healthy coping behaviors found by this study to be significantly associated with reduced violence, exercise and social support from other inmates and family.Social implicationsThis research recommends that educating and training correctional staff for a trauma-informed care approach is an integral part of lessening the effects of “pains of imprisonment” on inmate violence and healing the effects of trauma.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first direct comparison of social stressors from other inmates, correctional staff or family members outside the prison as possible predictors of male inmate violence.