Federal Institute for Education Development

Mosquito-borne infections remain critical global health challenges in tropical regions. Culex vishnui is recognized as a principal vector of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) across Asia. The present study integrates morphological and molecular tools to classify C. vishnui larvae from varied ecological habitats in Uttar Pradesh, India. Larvae were collected from rice fields, ponds, marshes, and drains during post-monsoon months. Environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, and conductivity were recorded at each site. Morphological identification followed standard keys by Bram and Harbach, while COI gene sequencing confirmed species identity. Results revealed highest larval density in rice fields and minimal density in drains. A clear inverse correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and larval abundance. Molecular analysis indicated 99.2–99.8 % COI similarity with C. vishnui sequences in GenBank. Comparative evaluation with literature from 2018– 2025 supported these findings and confirmed ecological consistency across Asian landscapes. The integrative methodology established morphological–molecular coherence, improving accuracy in vector taxonomy and providing valuable insight for Japanese Encephalitis control programs.

This paper addresses the challenge of improving clustering accuracy of image data, particularly focusing on feature representations extracted from convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs). Traditional spectral clustering methods often struggle with high dimension features tensors generated by CNNs like the VGG model. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a novel approach that enhances spectral clustering by utilizing sparse graph representations (hyperbolic embedding) based on quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) and multiedge type (MET) QC-LDPC codes. These graphs are constructed using progressive edge growth (PEG), simulated annealing methods. The paper tackles the specific problem of effectively clustering high-dimensional, sparse image features by modeling their interactions with a random-bond Ising model (RBIM). The optimization process leverages Nishimori temperature estimation to assign weights to graph edges based on image features, leading to more accurate grouping of images into distinct clusters. This approach can be applied to various tasks, including classification. The proposed method not only improves clustering accuracy but also reduces the number of required parameters. It achieves a 17.39 $$\%$$ improvement in accuracy (90.60 $$\%$$ ) compared to state-of-the-art Erdõs–Rényi graphs (73.21 $$\%$$ ), which lack the hardware-efficient structure of QC-LDPC graphs. By utilizing sparse feature parameters, an efficient MET QC-LDPC multigraph is created that outperforms conventional techniques such as mean-field approximation and Laplacian methods in graph clustering, binary classification. These findings highlight the potential of this approach for a wide range of applications, including image clustering, neural network pruning, data representation, and neuron activation pattern prediction.

With the growing global demand for food, the need for more efficient production practices arises. Thus, new studies have emerged to include technologies that contribute to improving the sustainability of the sector, such as this one that developed a model based on fuzzy logic to assess the risk of environmental thermal stress in meat birds, considering environmental temperature, age and age as variables. of birds and the temperature and humidity index (THI). A comprehensive literature review was carried out to identify the most relevant variables. The results indicated that the fuzzy model is effective in classifying the risk of heat stress into low, moderate, and high levels, providing a valuable tool for environmental management in poultry production. The practical application of the developed model offers the advantages of environmental optimization of the production environment and a possible reduction of thermal stress, enabling the improvement of the birds' productive performance. The implementation of this system on farms can reduce operational costs related to air conditioning and promote environmental sustainability. Additionally, a decrease in the incidence of diseases related to heat stress is expected, improving the health and longevity of the flocks. This study presents an innovative and effective approach to environmental management in animal production, highlighting the potential of fuzzy logic as a decision support tool, with the possibility of future research expanding this model in different contexts and species.

The paper describes in detail a class of educational problems from an elementary school course of mathematics and computer science. This course has been implemented over the past decades by a team led by Academician of the RAS A.L. Semenov. In the problems, it is necessary to find, build, or list all objects that satisfy a certain system of conditions. The student conducts these activities in a visual world of basic objects of discrete mathematics and computer science: strings (finite sequences of symbols), bags (multisets), tables, trees, and statements containing quantifiers. The connections of these problems with problems in computational combinatorics (counting the number of options), with search problems in the theory of computational complexity, with “big ideas,” and general cognitive strategies for their formation in education are considered. The content of education in our approach is more adequate to the context of the modern world.

Introduction. The explosive growth of tertiary education around the world calls attention to how this affects the employment of young graduates.Aim. The current research paper is aimed to analyse how the growth of young people’s participation in tertiary education is reflected in the change of their employment and economic activity.Methodology and research methods. The comparative and correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in the education attainment of young people and the dynamics of employment and economic activity indicators by levels of education. The article deals with educational statistics data from OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in OECD educational research.Results. The results of the analysis presented in the article show that the growth of tertiary education leads to an increase in the unemployment rate among the young population; however, this is true only for the least advanced programmes, while there is an increase in the employment rate for master’s degree graduates. Economic activity among young graduates with a master’s degree grew faster after the 2009 crisis than among graduates of other tertiary education programmes. Master’s degree graduates were in a better position during the crisis of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific novelty. The authors presented a detailed analysis of the growth in the scale of tertiary education and the changes of status in the labour market indicators of graduates of different tertiary education programmes.Practical significance of the study lies in the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the field of development of tertiary education based on the goal of increasing youth employment.

Landslides pose a long-term threat to people and their property and damage the environment in general. Therefore, much effort has been made to assess the risk of landslides and propose mitigation methods based on key characteristics of the landslides, including range and extent, volume, trigger mechanism, recurrence and subsequent evolution. The landslide overview provided by morphological analysis has played a fundamental role in improving the understanding of landslides. Morphological analysis using observation and identification techniques such as contour topographic maps, aerial photography and remote sensing images is considered an important task in the early stages of landslide research.

Introduction. The challenge of the pandemic forced educational organisations in Russia to resort to massive transition to distance learning and accelerated digital transformation of schools. It has become more obvious than ever that the digital transformation of a school is not limited to a simple technical update of its information resources but implies a fundamental rethinking of the school activities based on the capabilities of digital technologies.The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of digital transformation and the Russian school principals’ notions about it as a systemic process. The subject of the study is the notion about the systemic impact of digital transformation processes on schools; the experience of complexity in the introduction of information technologies in the educational process and school management, the assessment of the progress of digitalisation; the notions about the factors of successful digital transformation, which require a critical understanding of the experience of implementing information technologies in the school, highlighting key success factors.Methodology and research methods. The authors analysed 7189 questionnaires using computer methods for processing the natural language. The questionnaires were completed in general education organisations of 66 regions from all federal districts of Russia. The respondents’ answers were categorised in accordance with the European Framework for Technologically Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg).Results. The research findings demonstrated the significant imbalance in the frequency of responses: the most frequent answers belong to the “Infrastructure” category, while the least frequent ones belong to the categories of pedagogical aspects of digital transformation affecting changes in the educational content and methods for assessing educational outcomes. It is concluded that the respondents’ replies reflect the institutional position of school principals in the current educational system: a head of a government-funded school positions herself/himself as an administrative executor and a representative of the founder, rather than a leader of the teaching team. Consequently, the provision of educational achievements and students’ personal development are largely not perceived by principles of Russian schools as a priority management task.Scientific novelty of the present research lies in the attempt to answer the question of how systematically the digital transformation of the principle is perceived, to apply DigCompOrg to the assessment of these categories by the European Framework of technologically competent educational organisations, as well as to use natural language processing methods to process text answers to open-ended questions of the questionnaire, which made it possible to obtain results on a large sample with wide geographical coverage.Practical significance. The research findings can be used in the development and implementation of advanced training programmes for school and college administrations in accordance with the ongoing digitalisation of Russian educational system.

Purpose: A global understanding has now been reached that a mechanism for the long-term sustainable and secure development of financial technologies needs to be put in place to ensure their legal regulation. In the Russian Federation, this process is in its formative stage. The object of the research was public relations in the sphere of creation and use of financial technologies. The subject of the study was the normative material of a number of technologically developed foreign countries in order to identify positive experiences that can be implemented in the domestic practice of creation legal regulation and use of financial technologies. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality, the research is based on a comparative analysis of the national peculiarities of the implementation of policies to regulate the basic social relations associated with the creation and use of financial technologies. Findings: It is noted that realizing the need to create a mechanism of legal regulation of new financial technologies the states have not fully developed a unified policy in addressing this issue. Originality/value: In the existing ambiguity of the selected models of legal regulation of financial technologies among foreign countries as well as on the basis of international experience positive trends have been identified on the basis of which recommendations for the improvement of domestic institutions for the regulation of financial technologies are proposed.

Akkurate Aufgabenbearbeitungszeiten stellen einen essentiellen Bestandteil der Testkonstruktion im Large-Scale-Assessment zur Gewahrleistung der Testvaliditat und Erhohung der Effizienz der Testung dar. Da die Erhebung von Aufgabenbearbeitungszeiten in Papier-und-Bleistift-Tests kostenintensiv und kompliziert ist, wird ein modellbasierter Ansatz zur Berechnung der Aufgabenbearbeitungszeiten mittels leicht verfugbarer Aufgabeneigenschaften vorgeschlagen. Diese Vorhersageformel wurde mit Bearbeitungszeitdaten von 334 Schulern, die 93 Aufgaben eines Papier-und-Bleistift-Tests zur Messung von naturwissenschaftlicher Kompetenz bearbeiteten, entwickelt. Ein hoher Anteil (94.3 %) der Varianz der Aufgabenbearbeitungszeiten (d. h., der Variation der mittleren Bearbeitungszeiten von Personen uber Aufgaben) wurde durch die Anzahl an Items, Anzahl an Wortern und dem Aufgabenformat erklart. Eine zweite Stichprobe von 1386 Schulern bearbeiteten 125 zusatzliche Naturwissenschaftsaufgaben, um die Ergebnisse zu validieren. Insgesamt erwies sich die vorgeschlagene, leicht zu verwendende Formel als geeignet, um akkurate Bearbeitungszeiten zur Testkonstruktion zu geringen Kosten zu liefern.

The paper is devoted to the population cohort of senior citizens aged 80 and over who do not benefit from public home care provided by social protection institutions. The article considers the social characteristics of the target group and certain aspects of the everyday life of the retired persons such as income structure, expenditure items, social well-being, forms and satisfaction with leisure activities, and involvement in social exchange. The authors state that most of retired persons (half of cohort) are lacking, with varying degrees, assistance, and in certain circumstances they could become beneficiaries of social services. The paper describes the problems and prospects of providing services to this target group.