Federal Ministry of Finance

Abstract We analyze the trade impact of pre-shipment inspections (PSI)—a practice under which imports need to undergo a third-party review process before shipment, and whose utilization has been limited by the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. We show that PSI requirements had a negative impact on imports, and were most harmful for trade in differentiated manufacturing products (administrative trade cost channel). In contrast, PSI were facilitating trade in products subject to conformity assessment procedures related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures (information channel). Counterfactual analysis suggests that the reduction in administrative costs outweighed the provision of information, with the removal of PSI leading to a slight increase in developing countries’ imports. The removal of PSI could also induce a cost: the relaxation of controls on custom misinvoicing. We show that PSI had a limited effect on trade misinvoicing at the intensive margin, and on lost exports at the extensive margin.

Der nachfolgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Besonderheiten, die im Rahmen privater Grundstücksveräußerungen durch eigennützige Privatstiftungen, die ihre Offenlegungsverpflichtung erfüllt haben, zu beachten sind. Betriebliche Grundstücksveräußerungen sowie Grundstücksveräußerungen durch nicht offenlegende Privatstiftungen werden nicht betrachtet.

IMPACT The state of Hesse began voluntarily converting its cash and budget system to an accrual-based accounting system in 1998. A particular challenge in the conversion of the accounting system is involving all departments and employees in this reform process, as the transition from cash accounting to accrual accounting requires a fundamental change to existing administrative processes. The continuous political support of the state government over several legislative periods was of particular importance. The path that Hesse has taken in converting its accounting system from 1998 to the current adoption of the new financial regulations in 2022 has been highly successful. The state now has a sensible combination of the strengths of accrual-based and cash-based accounting with performance-oriented management. The accrual accounting system increases the transparency of the budget and provides significant additional information for politicians, managers and citizens. The cash-based budget remains an important management tool for budget preparation and the debt brake.

In Reaktion auf die globale Finanzkrise der Jahre 2007-2009 wurden in einer Reihe von Rechtsordnungen Bankenstrukturreformen eingeleitet und zum Teil umgesetzt

Abstract In this article, German Finance Minister Christian Lindner places the government’s draft of the 2024 federal budget and the fiscal plan up to 2027 in the context of his fiscal policy strategy and identifies the need for further action. In order to be able to set priorities for strengthening future-oriented spending, the federal government has reviewed all expenditure in the federal budget. Action is being taken to raise savings potentials and to curb expenditure trends. However, in view of challenges such as demografic change or the transition towards climate neutrality, further steps must follow in order to ensure that the federal budget’s composition and priorities are rigorously targeted towards future-oriented tasks, and to enhance the attractiveness of Germany as a business location through supply-side measures.

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology NewsVol. 41, No. 11 Genome EditingHow Gene Editing Can Support Sustainable AgricultureEvolving environmental, social, and governance criteria suggest that gene editing technologies need to promote ethical innovation and an equitable futureIngrid FungIngrid FungIngrid Fung is an investment director at Finistere Ventures. Website: https://finistere.com.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1089/gen.41.11.21AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 41Issue 11Nov 2021 Information© 2021 by GEN PublishingTo cite this article:Ingrid Fung.How Gene Editing Can Support Sustainable Agriculture.Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.Nov 2021.60-61.http://doi.org/10.1089/gen.41.11.21Published in Volume: 41 Issue 11: November 11, 2021PDF download

Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel zeichnet zunächst die Finanzmarkt-Turbulenzen nach, die im März 2020 durch die Corona-Krise ausgelöst wurden. Die gefährliche Schieflage von stark gehebelten Hedgefonds konnte nur durch eine massive und weltweit koordinierte Intervention der Zentralbanken entschärft werden. Damit wird deutlich, dass der Finanzmarkt in seiner aktuellen Aufstellung extrem fragil ist und regelmäßiger Interventionen von außen bedarf. In einem zweiten Teil zieht der Beitrag die Parallele zu Gefahren, die dem Finanzmarkt durch den fortschreitenden Klimawandel drohen und ihrerseits eine Quelle von Instabilität sind. Die derzeit auf europäischer Ebene verfolgte Regulierungsagenda von Sustainable Finance zielt darauf ab, diese Risiken einzudämmen und den Finanzmarkt zum Hebel für den Klimaschutz zu machen. Inwiefern diese Ziele mit den gewählten Instrumenten erreichbar sind, wird kritisch beleuchtet. Das Fazit zeigt die Grenzen von Sustainable Finance auf und verdeutlicht, welche weiteren regulatorischen Schritte nötig wären, um den Finanzmarkt nicht nur nachhaltig, sondern auch inhärent stabil zu gestalten.