Federal University Birnin Kebbi

Background and Objective:The pollution of water is a critical environmental and public health concern in Nigeria, especially in rapidly urbanizing areassuch as Birnin Kebbi.In this study, perceptions and knowledge of adult residents concerning water pollution and recommended measures against it were considered inthe Birnin Kebbi Area.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted to assess adult residents' awareness and responses to water pollution.A total of 114 adults ($18 years) were randomly selected across wards using the Yamane sample size formula (10% margin of error) and surveyed with a validated structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale.Data were analyzed using SPSS v20 with descriptive statistics, and ethical approval, informed consent, anonymity, and voluntariness were ensured.Results: Results demonstrated that respondents had a good understanding about water pollution (overall mean = 1.91), identifying causes like sewage and waste runoff, industrial and agricultural effluents, and urbanization.Although less than 40% thought that the government is effectively addressing the issue, perceptions of water pollution were relatively high (ovaerall mean = 2.06), with many acknowledging its negative impacts on daily life, biodiversity and public health.Solution strategies were well recognized (total mean = 1.8), including proper waste disposal, water treatment, sanitation improvements, community-based activities, and enforcement of environmental legislation.Conclusion: The study reveals that while knowledge and potential solutions are relatively high, perception of water contamination as an immediate concern is moderate.Efforts in attitudinal change, environmental education, and governmental intervention to mitigate the problem are recommended which would help reduce further pollution of water and possible danger imposed on human health, particularly in Birnin Kebbi.

Institutional delivery dropout (IDD), defined as delivery outside a health facility despite attending antenatal care (ANC), remains a significant barrier to reducing maternal mortality in Nigeria. Traditional statistical models often fall short of capturing the complex, non-linear interactions among the socio-demographic factors that drive this critical health behavior. Using a comprehensive dataset of 16,100 women from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), we applied and compared seven diverse machine learning (ML) algorithms, including models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The model performance was systematically evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC), F1-score, and detailed confusion matrices. Furthermore, SHapley Additive explanations (SHAP) were used to provide transparent interpretations of feature importance and predictive contributions. Gradient Boosting was the best-performing model, achieving the highest F1-score (0.755) and AUROC (0.82). SVM achieved the highest accuracy (0.740) and recall (0.780). SHAP identified education level, household wealth, and religion as strong predictors of IDD. The performance metrics reported with confidence intervals showed modest variability across the models. Machine learning approaches were effective in identifying women at an increased risk of institutional delivery dropout. SHAP analysis provides insights into the key sociodemographic predictors of IDD, highlighting the value of interpretable ML methods in maternal health research.

This study examines the examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on business creation among students of tertiary institutions in Kebbi state, Nigeria with particular reference to Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state. The study applied survey strategy and where questionnaire method was used for data gathering. A sample of 380 was determined using Yaro Yamani formula (1968). The data collected was analyzed using descriptive technique of tables and percentage and the inferential technique of hypotheses testing adopted using chi- square (X2) test statistic. The result from the analysis shows that entrepreneurship education has significant impact on business creation among students of Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin-Kebbi Kebbi state, Nigeria. The study recommends that government should introduce entrepreneurship education as a core subject for teaching business creation at basic levels in Nigeria. This will allowed children to develop entrepreneurial mindset before reaching youth age and also enhance the spirit of being self-reliant among then at any stage of academic career, however the institution should allow the students to practice what they learn by giving them the opportunities to make use of the equipment or machines in the workshop. And also, government and other relevant stakeholders should be giving entrepreneurship grant to students/ graduate and encourage micro finance institutions to be given interest free initial capital loan to entrepreneurship students.

Background: Patients’ satisfaction is related to the extent to which general health care needs and condition specific needs are met. Evaluating the extent patients are satisfied is clinically relevant as satisfied patients are more likely to comply with medication and thus have a more positive health outcome. In sub-Saharan Africa, emphasis has been more on curative aspect of MCH as a result the indices for maternal and child mortality are relatively poor. This study aims to compare patients’ satisfaction with the quality of maternal and child healthcare services in primary health care facilities in rural and urban communities in Ekiti state. Methods: A cross sectional survey with a multistage sampling technique was used. 366 rural women and 368 urban women utilizing MCH services in randomly selected PHC facilities were recruited by systematic random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: This study found that 190 (51.6%) urban respondents received good quality ANC compared to 124 (33.9%) rural respondents. Similarly, 153 (41.6%) urban respondents received good quality delivery care compared to 71 (19.4%) rural respondents. In addition, 306 (83.2%) urban respondents received good quality immunization care compared to 267 (73%) rural respondents. Factors associated with patients’ satisfaction include reception by health staff with 35.8% rural mothers and 53.0% urban mothers satisfied. Also, 38.8% rural women were satisfied with the waiting time as against 26.9% urban mothers. Conclusions: There was a high level of satisfaction amongst both rural and urban women with urban women having a higher percentage.

Zero-dose children, defined as those who have not received a single dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DPT1), represent a critical equity gap in global immunization efforts. Despite national efforts, little is known about the extent and distribution of zero-dose children in Somaliland, where fragile health systems and regional disparities may contribute to immunization inequities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of zero-dose immunization and examine regional and sociodemographic patterns among children aged 12–59 months in Somaliland. A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS). The study population included 447 children aged 12–59 months with valid DPT1 vaccination data. Zero-dose status was defined as the absence of any reported receipt of DPT1, based on vaccination cards, maternal recall, or immunization marks. Weighted frequencies and proportions were used to summarize immunization status across key maternal, household, and geographic variables. Data analysis accounted for the complex survey design using Stata 17, and visualizations were generated with GeoPandas in Python. Half of the children (50%) were identified as zero dose. Zero-dose prevalence was higher among children whose mothers had no education (53%), were from the poorest wealth quintile (62%), or perceived distance to health facilities as a major barrier (55%). Regional disparities were evident, with Togdheer (62%) and Woqooyi Galbeed (54%) reporting the highest zero-dose prevalence, while Sanaag had the lowest (32%). Zero-dose immunization prevalence in Somaliland remains high and varies significantly across sociodemographic and regional lines. These findings underscore the need for targeted, equity-driven strategies to reach under-immunized populations in Somaliland.

Water supply is the provision of water from different sources, such as public utilities, commercial organizations and community vendors usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Water is essential to life everywhere. Despite the necessity of water, the natural systems that allow water to be cleaned, maintained, and distributed are fragile and sensitive to changes. These natural systems are disrupted due to human activity and overuse. As the global population continues to grow the need for clean water increases. From a macro perspective, the paper looks at the nature and extent of population growth and water supply in Kebbi State, with a focus on Birnin Kebbi. At the micro level, an analysis of the water supply chain in Birnin Kebbi urban area, focusing on distribution, sources, quantity and quality received by the inhabitants. A descriptive method was employed in the analysis of data obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A total of 61 questionnaires were designed and administered to the sample respondents selected using Yamane’s formula. The study participants include both male and female age 15-55 years. Tables, charts, frequencies and simple percentages were used to show the findings. The result indicates various sources and level of water supply in the study area. This includes sources of water, frequency of supply, and water needs of the people. The findings revealed that majority (72.1%) of the respondents obtained water from the tap, while only 8.2% procured water from community water vendors. In terms of water need and adequacy, the study discovered more half (50.8%) of the survey participants had sufficient water and 49.2% have not. The study therefore, concludes that there is adequate and uneven distribution of water within the study area, irrespective of the sources and availability of it. However, in other to ensure sustainable development, the study recommends that the government should take the advantage of the abundant sunlight resources of the area, to provide modern solar-powered boreholes to the underserved communities, this will carter for the increasing urbanization being experienced in the area.

Background and study aim: Asymptomatic bacteriuria frequently affects school-aged children and is linked to kidney issues. If not treated, these children are at risk of developing recurring cystitis and pyelonephritis, which can increase their likelihood of experiencing urinary tract infections later in life. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among schoolchildren in Kebbi State, Nigeria.Patients and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that included approximately 400 school children, aged 3 to 18 years. Data about the participants was collected through a questionnaire. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and subjected to various tests, including dipstick urinalysis, microscopy, and culture. Bacterial identification was based on colony characteristics, Gram staining, and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI standards. Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production among isolates was screened using the double disk synergy test (DDST), and isolated bacteria were confirmed using molecular techniques.Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 14.3% (57/400). Female students (29.9%) had a higher prevalence than male students (6.5%). Risk factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria include gender, age ≥ 7 years, mode of cleanliness after toilet use and history of urinary tract infections. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli in 40.35% of cases, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 28.07%, Staphylococcus aureus in 24.56%, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 7.02% of the study cases. The isolated bacteria showed high susceptibility to ceftazidime (73.6%). Escherichia coli showed the highest ESBLs production (50.0%). Isolated bacteria were confirmed using molecular techniques.Conclusion: Nursery and primary school children have a higher rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria, particularly among female students and children in the 7-10 and 11-14 years’ age groups, with Escherichia coli being the commonest bacterial isolate. This calls for more Regular screening and prompt treatment.