Federal University of Applied Administrative Sciences

ABSTRACT Incidences of radicalism and terrorism have gained momentum in most parts of the world. However, while cultural differences in the occurrence of terrorism have been studied, there is a lack of such research on radicalism. We therefore investigated cross-cultural differences in people’s readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action. We hypothesized that people in the United States would show stronger radicalism intentions than people from other Western and non-Western countries. Moreover, we hypothesized that this pattern would be mediated by power distance. To test this, we conducted three studies. The results supported our hypotheses: Compared to Indian (Study 1), German (Study 2), and British (Study 3) participants, US participants held a greater readiness to engage in illegal and violent political action, both on behalf of their groups’ and on behalf of their own political and legal rights. Moreover, high levels of power distance translated to this increased radicalism. Illuminating cross-cultural differences in radicalism, this work adds to the understanding of how radical political developments may grow among certain individuals more than others.

Preregistering confirmatory research aims at reducing researchers’ degrees of freedom and increasing transparency to ultimately increase replicability. Yet the extent to which preregistrations actually achieve these goals depends on the completeness of a preregistration. To scrutinize the completeness of current preregistrations, we coded all preregistrations mentioned in journal articles published by psychologists from institutions in German-speaking countries in 2020 as to whether they contain six procedural specifications: (a) the hypothesized pattern of results, (b) the measures, (c) planned sample size, (d) exclusion criteria, (e) planned analyses to test the hypotheses, and (f) a time stamp. In addition, we consider transparency-related elements. Our results show that the completeness of preregistration was associated with neither the journal’s impact factor nor its transparency and openness promotion factor. Approximately half of the preregistrations contained all six procedural specifications. Hence, in line with previous research, our findings indicate that when considering publications from diverse subdisciplines of psychology, there was room for improvement regarding the completeness of preregistrations in psychology. We discuss steps to improve preregistration completeness.

Abstract This study examines vertical agreements that occur when suppliers experience learning‐by‐doing, which makes them more productive over time and poses a competitive threat to their rivals. Consequently, a dominant supplier arranges payments that reference the rival good. This study contributes to the existing literature by showing that the dominant supplier chooses specific contracts to reap optimal benefit from its rival's efficiency gains. These contracts restrict the rival, harm consumers, and reduce welfare when the rival is exceptionally efficient or expects significant improvements through learning‐by‐doing. Therefore, this study emphasizes the significance of foreseeable innovations and their implications in antitrust proceedings.

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