Federal Urdu University

A characteristic of the multi-ethnic democracies is the debate of federalism versus centralization in the discourse of governance. Constitutional provisions in Pakistan are nominal in support of federalism, yet the friction between provincial sovereignty and centralization still influences political rivalry, allocation of resources, and confidence of the electorate. This paper explores the determinants of popular support of publics in support of federal government versus centralized government structures by use of a cross-provincial survey among Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhaw (KP). The study employs a quantitative research design to assess the role of institutional trust, perceived governance performance, ethnic identity, fiscal preferences, and political awareness in shaping the attitudes of the citizens toward state structure, with 714 respondents as a sample. The results show a complex picture: the respondents in KP show more favorability to federalism because of historical needs to have autonomy on the provincial level, but the respondents in Punjab show a relatively higher degree of tolerance to the concept of centralization, which is highly explained by the views on the effectiveness of administration and the unity of the nation. The results of the regression analysis show that institutional trust and perceived provincial performance are the most important predictors of federalist attitudes, whereas security concerns and the expectation of economic performance are significant predictors of centralized authority preferences. The research has theoretical contributions by incorporating the Institutional Theory and the Rational Choice views to support the idea that citizens consider the governance arrangements based on the identity and performance factors. In practical terms, the results indicate the necessity of balanced policies of decentralization that should increase provincial ability without disrupting the national coordination. Finally, the study holds that the founding of sustainable federalism is more reliant not on the design of the constitution but on whether the people believe in the capacity of subnational authorities to provide quality governance.

Abstract The current study examines the inclined magnetic flow of nanoparticles with radiative flow and the Cattaneo-Christov dual diffusion model. The analysis involves the mixture of alumina Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles with (Carboxymethyl cellulose-water/ Al 2 O 3 ). In addition, this study examines how the arrangement and size of alumina nanoparticles affect the behaviour of nanofluid flow. The thermal Biot, solutal Biot, thermal source, and heat space dependent are also incorporated. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux formulas are used to make a gradual change to the heat and concentration equations. The current issue is represented using partial differential equations (PDEs), which are then transformed into ordinary differential equations by appropriate similarity transformations. The acquired highly nonlinear system of modeled equations has been solved by consuming the numerical approach through the boundary value problem Bvp4c method. The primary objective of this research is to examine the characteristics of velocity, temperature, and concentration in a nanofluid, specifically focusing on the impact of the size and spacing of aluminum nanoparticles. In addition, the calculation of heat and mass transfer is performed for the Cattaneo-Cristove dual diffusion. Velocity distribution has been depreciated for the enhancing values of magnetic field and porosity for interspacing and radius of nanoparticles. Moreover, drag friction is lower due to the larger values of the magnetic field and porosity variable.

Purpose This article examines The Light Pirate by Lily Brooks-Dalton through a dual theoretical lens: Freud’s (1919/2003) concept of the uncanny and Thiltges’s (2024) concept of the nuclear disaster as a metaphor for impending ecocatastrophe. Design/methodology/approach Employing qualitative textual analysis, the research explores how the novel portrays ecological collapse not only as a material crisis but as a psychological disturbance rooted in the return of repressed natural forces. Themes of displacement, nature’s quiet revenge and persistent threats are examined to illustrate how environmental degradation mirrors the psychological disorientation of the uncanny and the irreversible devastation of nuclear fallout. Findings The findings reveal that the novel presents ecological disaster as both existential and structural rupture, displacing individuals, dissolving social systems and unsettling notions of home and identity. By foregrounding the emotional and spatial impacts of climate collapse, the novel underscores the fragile boundary between humanity and nature. Research limitations/implications The research emphasizes the urgent need to address environmental degradation and contribute to the broader understanding of human–nature relationships in literature. It underscores the value of fiction in raising awareness about pressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable actions. Originality/value Freud’s (1919) concept of the uncanny has been traditionally applied to the human psyche. However, this research combines it with Thiltges’s (2014) concept of nuclear disaster as a metaphor for impending ecocatastrophe to reinterpret the uncanny as the return of repressed ecological consequences, particularly nature’s suppressed anger toward centuries of human destruction.

The term "prehypertension" was introduced in 2003 by the Joint National Committee (JNC-7) on Detection, Prevention, Estimation, and High Blood Pressure Treatment. It states two BP readings in the range of 120-139 mmHg systolic and 80-89 mmHg diastolic. This middle stage shows important cautionary signals, meaningfully increasing the risk of progressing to hypertension. This article investigates the multifaceted nature of prehypertension, definitions, challenges in diagnostics, prevalence globally, and the consistent risk factors, despite the introduction of a tool to identify the risk of individuals and make early preventive measures. The classification and treatment of prehypertension are still under debate. Inconsistent guidelines in all the regions are creating uncertainty among medical professionals. HTN affects about 36% of adults; in men, specific ethnic populations showed higher vulnerability. The occurrence of other CVD risk factors like obesity, DM, and dyslipidemia impacts health. Prehypertension diagnosis is not a straightforward method. It required repeated blood pressure measurements to mark hypertension. Research indicates that simply labeling someone as prehypertensive does little to motivate behavioral changes. The importance of developing more considerable communication plans to boost meaningful lifestyle adjustments. Conclusion: Prehypertension signifies a public health challenge; there is a persistent need for combined guidelines and further research to improve its management and control the rising global burden of hypertension and linked cardiovascular diseases.

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) serves as a flexiblewater-soluble cellulose compound utilized in a variety of sectors for its capabilities as a conditioner, stabilization agent, film-former, and adhesive. Its chemical nature enables it to generate extremely viscous substances, making it valuable in both industrial and consumer settings. Inspired by these applications, this article examines the CMC-water base aluminum Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanomaterial upon a heated convective revolving disk with radiation and chemical species. The distance of aluminum oxide along CMC-water has been described during this exploration. The energy and concentration equation has been described in the presence of heat and mass flux. The modelled equations have been renovated into ODEs via proper alteration. The semi-analytical procedure has been implemented on ODEs via the Homotopic procedure. The residual error has been computed through OHAM with 30-order approximation. The modelling of current exploration deals with the concentration, thermal properties, and velocity of the nanomaterial having lesser and longer distances of aluminum oxide. It has been attributed that the inertia coefficient and slippage effect have a reducing effect on the radial and axial velocity for the distance and radius of nanoparticles. Moreover, thermal and mass relaxation were reduced due to the depreciation in the thermal and concentration fields. The engineering quantities are computed through tabular and graphic forms. The comparison of previous literature has achieved an outstanding agreement. By taking into account nanoparticle interconnection, the simulation transcends the traditional homogeneous nanofluid theory and provides a means of optimizing the cooling agent's microstructure for optimal performance. • Darcy–Forchheimer resistance slows radial and tangential nanofluid motion. • Nanoparticles boost thermal conductivity and raise heat-transfer performance. • Radiation and convective heating thicken the layer and elevate temperature. • Hybrid nanofluids yield stronger heat-transfer gains than single-particle mixes. • Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and the Schmidt number govern mass diffusion.

ABSTRACT Justifying intimate partner violence (IPV) is itself a well‐documented risk factor for both experiencing and perpetrating IPV, yet its downstream effects on child‐rearing remain poorly quantified. We link mothers' IPV‐justifying attitudes to disciplinary behaviour using nationally representative Wave 6 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data (2017–2022) from 45 low‐ and middle‐income countries (≈ 200,000 mother–child dyads) harmonized by IPUMS‐MICS. Survey‐weighted ordinary least‐squares models show that IPV justification is associated with a β = 0.075 ( p < 0.001) higher value on the composite discipline index. Disaggregated analyses reveal parallel upticks in non‐violent ( β = 0.075, p < 0.001) and violent ( β = 0.044, p < 0.001) methods; multilevel models that account for country clustering confirm these patterns and indicate an even stronger link with violent practices ( β = 0.086, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that normalizing IPV extends beyond couple dynamics to shape everyday parenting, subtly amplifying both non‐violent and violent discipline. Interventions that challenge IPV‐supportive norms should therefore be integrated with positive‐parenting programmes to break intergenerational cycles of violence.

Educational practices have been positively impacted by Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. Unlike traditional systems and learning platforms, ChatGPT engages users in conversations, provides tailored feedback, and creates new knowledge in virtually any area. This paper provides a detailed model for educational practice using ChatGPT and other generative AI systems. The model attempts to address, in an equitable manner, the three most challenging aspects of educational practice: pedagogical concerns, technological availability, and ethical peripherals. The model enhances students’ engagement, promotes the development of their higher-order thinking skills, and is designed to improve learning outcomes through personalization. This paper discusses a conceptual model for adaptive generative tutoring and provides technical illustrations, tables, and formulae to describe the process. The use of generative AI in STEM problem solving and language learning is primary, but the challenges of academic honesty, bias, and data privacy are also addressed. The current paper provides a potential framework for the thoughtful and purposeful use of ChatGPT in educational settings and makes a valuable contribution to the discourse on the intersection of educational technology and the ethics of AI in teaching.