Ferghana State University

This article examines the pragmatic functions of mixed metaphors in Uzbek and English languages within the framework of cognitive linguistics and discourse analysis. Mixed metaphors arise when different metaphorical images or conceptual domains are combined within a single linguistic expression. Although traditionally regarded as stylistic inconsistencies, modern linguistic research demonstrates that such constructions may perform important communicative functions. The aim of the study is to analyze the pragmatic roles of mixed metaphors in literary and public discourse in Uzbek and English languages. The research applies comparative analysis, semantic analysis, and discourse-based approaches. The results show that mixed metaphors function as tools for linguistic creativity, emotional intensification, evaluative expression, and communicative efficiency. English mixed metaphors frequently emerge from idiom blending, whereas Uzbek mixed metaphors are more common in literary narrative and figurative discourse. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of metaphor pragmatics in cross-linguistic research.

This article presents a comparative semantic and linguocultural analysis of lexical units representing the concept “woman” in Uzbek and English. The study examines denotative and connotative meanings, socio-cultural motivations, and gender-related semantic shifts reflected in both languages. The findings demonstrate that in Uzbek linguistic consciousness the concept is strongly associated with family roles, moral responsibility, modesty, and honour, whereas in English it reflects individuality, equality, autonomy, and social independence. The research confirms that semantic differences are rooted not only in lexical structures but also in cultural schematization and cognitive framing. The study contributes to gender linguistics, cross-cultural semantics, and linguoculturologyThis article presents a comparative semantic and linguocultural analysis of lexical units representing the concept “woman” in Uzbek and English. The study examines denotative and connotative meanings, socio-cultural motivations, and gender-related semantic shifts reflected in both languages. The findings demonstrate that in Uzbek linguistic consciousness the concept is strongly associated with family roles, moral responsibility, modesty, and honour, whereas in English it reflects individuality, equality, autonomy, and social independence. The research confirms that semantic differences are rooted not only in lexical structures but also in cultural schematization and cognitive framing. The study contributes to gender linguistics, cross-cultural semantics, and linguoculturology.

ABSTRACT Reliability assessment of complex engineering systems is crucial for ensuring safety, performance, and cost‐effectiveness. Traditional reliability models frequently treat failure rates as static and analyze component failure rates in isolation. When dependencies are acknowledged, they are typically considered in a linear manner. This approach, however, fails to adequately capture the dynamic and nonlinear interactions that characterize real‐world systems. This paper proposes a novel reliability modeling framework that integrates dynamic failure rates and nonlinear dependencies to enhance predictive accuracy in reliability analysis. The model considers time‐varying operational and environmental factors that influence failure behavior, along with nonlinear interdependencies among system components, which can amplify risks in unpredictable ways. The proposed framework improves reliability estimation under evolving conditions. To illustrate the implications of the proposed model assumptions, the model is applied on two numerical examples and to demonstrate the impact of the model assumptions, the reliability is compared with the case where these assumptions are not considered. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of reliability engineering by providing a more comprehensive approach to modeling failures in dynamic, interconnected systems.

In the context of rapid social, technological, and educational transformation, the development of students’ creative thinking has become a central objective of modern education systems. Among the cognitive mechanisms underlying creativity, associative processes play a crucial role in enabling individuals to generate novel ideas, connect disparate concepts, and approach problems from multiple perspectives. This article examines the theoretical foundations and pedagogical significance of associative processes in students’ creative thinking. Through an analytical review of international and national scholarly literature, the article explores the nature of associative thinking, its relationship with creativity, and its function within innovative educational practices. The analysis highlights how associative processes facilitate divergent thinking, originality, and cognitive flexibility in learners. Furthermore, the article discusses pedagogical strategies and instructional approaches that support the development of associative thinking in educational settings. The findings underscore that fostering associative processes through interactive, problem-based, and learner-centered methodologies enhances students’ creative potential and contributes to the formation of independent, innovative thinkers. The article concludes that associative processes should be regarded as a foundational component of creative thinking and systematically integrated into contemporary teaching and learning practices.

The article discusses the use of Voltaire functional series for the analytical synthesis of optimal regulators of systems with nonlinear polynomial dynamics. The relevance of developing control methods for objects with high degrees of nonlinearity, especially in the context of symmetric polynomial systems, is indicated. The paper proposes an approach based on an approximate analytical solution of the equations of free motion using Voltaire functional series, which makes it possible to obtain accurate approximations of solutions and simplify the design of control actions. Models with symmetric and non-symmetric characteristics are considered, as well as the transformation of the initial equations into forms convenient for synthesis. The main task is to develop a method for constructing controls that ensure asymptotic stability and minimize the functionality of generalized work. The work is relevant for the automatic control of complex nonlinear systems, where classical methods are not effective enough.

The paper proposes a method for detecting a situation in which, during facial authentication, one person disguises himself as another by replacing his face with a photograph or a displayed video. The facial feature vector is extracted using a convolutional neural network, classification is implemented using a support vector machine, and the method can be fed with either a single frame or a group of frames as input.

This study explores innovative digital approaches to managing the export potential of textile industry enterprises. It examines how digital transformation—including automation, data analytics, and digital marketing—can enhance export performance and competitiveness in international markets. The research highlights the integration of digital tools with strategic management, production processes, and marketing strategies to optimize resources and improve decision-making. Practical recommendations are provided for textile enterprises to leverage digital technologies effectively and strengthen their position in global trade.