Finance and Economics Institute of Tajikistan

Abstract Lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina protein, is essential for maintaining nuclear architecture, organizing chromatin and preserving genomic stability. However, its role in regulating DNA replication remains unclear. This study investigates how Lamin A/C regulates proper activation of replication origins by orchestrating the chromatin structure and recruitment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We demonstrate that Lamin A/C stabilizes replication domains (RDs) by restricting chromatin mobility, preserving spatial organization, and maintaining accessibility. Furthermore, Lamin A/C interacts with PCNA and sequesters a pool of PCNA, to regulate its recruitment to replication machinery. The loss of Lamin A/C leads to an increase in chromatin dynamics, RD accessibility, and PCNA availability at RDs, which together trigger excessive activation of replication origins, leading to replication stress and DNA damage. These disruptions prolong the S phase and compromise genome stability, highlighting Lamin A/C as a critical gatekeeper of balanced replication initiation. Our findings reveal Lamin A/C’s dual role in chromatin organization and replication machinery regulation, offering valuable insights into its involvement in replication-associated diseases and potential therapeutic opportunities through targeting replication dynamics.

The study substantiates the economic application of technologies and lighting solutions in multi-tier systems for plant cultivation. The spectral composition of light and its impact on the productivity of leafy greens and medicinal plants have been analyzed. It has been identified that the use of LED lighting sources reduces energy consumption while increasing crop yields. The effects of automated systems for managing lighting and irrigation on the efficiency of multi-tier plant growth installations have been examined. A techno-economic justification for integrating such systems into urban environments has been presented, highlighting their role in enhancing food security. The research further explores the scalability and potential of these systems to optimize resource use and ensure the sustainable production of fresh, nutrient-rich plants in limited urban spaces.

This article discusses the problem of calculating the heat loss process and building a thermal model and choosing the thermal parameters of a siphon solar collector for the needs of hot water supply. The task of calculating and determining the efficiency of the use of solar energy. Heat loss is determined by radiation and convection through transparent thermal insulation and heat loss through the tank and the bottom of the siphon collector. The useful energy of the sun on the surface of the collector is analyzed, and to determine these parameters, a calculated thermal scheme of the siphon solar collector is created. Using the above analysis, it was determined that the efficiency, efficient use of solar energy and energy loss in a siphon solar collector is influenced by a number of factors, such as the intensity of solar radiation, ambient temperature, thermophysical parameters of the absorber, the material of the elements, the design of the collectors, as well as method of thermal insulation and other factors affecting the final temperature and mode of operation of the system. From theoretical calculations it is determined that the coefficient of convection in solar collectors depends on the distance between the absorber and the transparent thermal insulation. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of existing flat-plate collectors from new siphon solar collectors has been carried out.

This paper aims to raise awareness to the importance of inclusive way finding methods in public spaces. I propose an inclusive solution using textured paving blocks at the site of COEX mall the largest entertainment mall in Seoul, South Korea. To begin, I have researched the accessibility, availability and affordability of the COEX mall in order to assess its inclusivity. I then surveyed the current way finding conditions of this site. From these studies I found that COEX mall lacking in its facilities for visually impaired visitors. Textured paving blocks are needed as they hold the potential to be an inclusive indoor way finding. The blocks orientation in space, size, spacing, color and pattern have been carefully considered to be safe, informative, and comprehensive for all types of users: the visually impaired, wheelchair users and able-bodied people.

This article is written on an urgent topic, since in the modern world industrialization occupies an important place in the development of society and the country as a whole. The purpose of this article is to determine the mechanisms and directions for improving the industrialization of agriculture in the regions of the country. When introducing new areas of activity of state and regional authorities and existing business structures in the regions. The analysis of data on the number of agricultural production enterprises in the republic is carried out. This analysis shows the validity of the investment attractiveness of the regions of the Republic of Tajikistan in recent years. It should be noted that the attraction of investments to the regions is primarily facilitated by the infrastructure of the region, natural resources, geographical and climatic conditions, industrial and production potential of the region, financial stability, and sustainability both in the budget of the region and in existing enterprises. The subject of this study is the consideration of innovative approaches in the industrial development of agriculture in the regions and influencing factors on their investment attractiveness. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the application of general methods of scientific and theoretical analysis for a more in-depth knowledge of the phenomena and directions under study. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that when studying innovative and industrial approaches in the development of agriculture in the region, state authorities and business structures need to identify and make all attempts to modernize the current economic system and equate it with the existing economic innovation realities. The main provisions and the presented conclusions and recommendations can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of agriculture industrialization in the regions.

Financial and credit regulation of economic development involves the formation of an adequate mechanism of influence, including the choice of methods and scale of state intervention in the process of social reproduction. In this regard, the key issue is the development and application of digital tools for public management of the process of socio-economic development. At the same time, financial and credit methods of regulating the domestic economy are of decisive importance in the system of public administration. Being indirect, they are able to regulate the development of the reproductive process through budgetary influence on the economy, influence on the system of monetary circulation. At the same time, finance is characterized by non-equivalent and irrevocable movement of financial resources. This means that cash and non-cash funds can be poured into the money circulation only after they are irrevocably withdrawn in other parts of it. The total mass of money in circulation remains unchanged. The specificity of the credit mechanism is the return movement of value, characterized by the equivalence and retribution of relations in the lending process. When forming credit resources, temporarily free value is redistributed, which is not occupied in the processes of production and personal consumption, and then it is provided to meet the emerging needs. After that, it can be completely released from this individual circulation of funds and return to the general circulation. The key role here is the balance of cash and material flows, based on ensuring the structural relationship of the credit process with the material processes of production and circulation. Achieving a balance of cash and material flows is carried out through the implementation of the monetary policy of the macro-regulator.

Problems arising from the insolvency (bankruptcy) procedures of a unitary undertaking are currently very relevant, since, in the context of competition relations, the redistribution of ownership may also take place outside the framework of privatization legislation. This article is dedicated to the analysis of both theoretical and practical problems of the competitiveness of a unitary company. The authors of the paper point out that the lack of a special term for the designation of unitary enterprises on the right to economic management is one of the systemic shortcomings of Russian doctrine of civil law. The study methodology includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as a group of special methods: analysis of the content of scientific literature and analysis of the regulatory framework. It is concluded that Russian law should create a legal model that excludes the operation of non-proprietary entities alongside legal conditions that prevent abuse of their competitive status, both by the arbitration administrator and by the public legal entity that owns the debtor unitary enterprise.

Modern energy is developing in the direction of reducing the share of powerful generation sources in the total energy balance and increasing the share of distributed generation of small and medium capacity, in particular alternative sources. In this trend, we should note an increase in the number of small and medium-sized hydroelectric power stations (mini-HPP). This is due to the fact that the energy potential of small and medium-sized rivers in Russia and neighboring countries, according to various estimates, is several times higher than this indicator for large rivers. For effective use of this potential should not go towards the creation of a number of standard mini-hydro, and ways to design systems oriented to flexible production, which made the hydro for site-specific river, given its peculiarities in the parameters of the watercourse and topography. The article presents the results of such research conducted by the authors, in particular, a description of the synthesis subsystem of a combined excitation water-submersible hydrogenerator is given. The subsystem is based on the Ansys Electronics Desktop program and allows for a comprehensive analysis of the electrical machine and its control system. The efficiency of the subsystem is shown on the analysis of the combined excitation generator 3 kW, 220 V, 350 rpm. The created digital double greatly reduces the risks in the production of a real sample. This approach is recommended for the development of design systems of other types and applications.

The presented study is devoted to the issues of industrial safety of workers employed in harmful and hazardous working conditions in the Russian electric power complex. Because of the analysis, it was revealed that about a third of the employees of the electric power complex are employed in harmful and dangerous working conditions, and the number of workers receiving compensation for harmful working conditions is reduced annually and in 2018 reached a minimum. At the end of the study, a model for ensuring industrial safety for working in harmful and hazardous working conditions was proposed, including material incentives, the issuance of special products, social assistance and medical and preventive measures. The implementation of the model will increase industrial safety for employees working in harmful and hazardous working conditions.

The effective use of natural resources for to meet the needs of society and the state economy became relevant in the middle of the last century, when the UN began to hold the first conferences on sustainable development. Today, these issues are shifting to the prism of the efficient use of natural resources and the conservation of ecological diversity for future generations. The work analyzed the indicators on the volume of pollutant emissions, current expenditures for ensuring environmental stability and the share of disturbed lands. Because of the analysis, it was found that not all emissions and waste are effectively disposed of, and land reclamation after mining is only one third. The work presented measures to ensure environmental protection and measures that need to be implemented at the state level. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.