Flabeg (Germany)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction and History 2. General Comments and Definitions 2.1. Geometry 2.2. First and Second Surface Mirrors 2.3. Performance Specification 3. Mirror Coatings 3.1. Wet Chemical Silver Coating 3.2. Metal Coatings 3.3. Dielectric Coatings 3.4. Combination of Metallic and Dielectric Coatings 4. Substrates 4.1. Glass 4.2. Plastic 4.3. Metal 5. Applications 5.1. Astronomical Mirrors 5.2. Cosmetic and Furniture Mirrors 5.3. Mirrors for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) or Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Applications 5.4. Automotive Mirrors 5.5. Dental Mirrors or Infrared Reflective Coating (IRC) for Halogen Bulbs 5.6. First Surface Mirrors for Projection Displays or Head-Up Displays 5.7. Combiner Mirrors for Head-Up Displays 5.8. Laser Mirrors 5.8.1. Infrared (IR) Laser Mirrors 5.8.2. Broadband Laser Mirrors 5.9. Broadband UV-Mirrors 5.10. Transition-Metal Switchable Mirrors

From 1984 to 1992, the first commercial solar thermal power plants — SEGS I to IX — were built in the Californian Mojave desert. The first generation of trough collectors (LS1) used in SEGS I showed an aperture area of about 120 m2 (1’292 ft2), having an aperture width of 2.5 m (8.2 ft). With the second generation collector (LS2), used in SEGS II to VI, the aperture width was doubled to 5 m (16.4 ft). The third generation (LS3) has been increased regarding width (5.76 m or 18.9 ft) and length (96 m or 315 ft) to about 550 m2 (5’920 ft2) aperture. It was used in the last SEGS plants VIII and IX, those plants having a capacity of 80 MW each. After more than 10 years stagnancy, several commercial plants in the US (the 64 MW Nevada Solar One project) and Spain (the ANDASOL projects, 50 MW each with 8 h thermal storage) started operation in 2007/2008. New collectors have been developed, but all are showing similar dimensions as either the LS2 or the LS3 collector. One reason for this is the limited availability of key components, mainly the parabolic shaped mirrors and heat collection elements. However, in order to reduce cost, solar power projects are getting larger and larger. Several projects in the range of 250 MW, with and without thermal storage system, are going to start construction in 2011, requiring solar field sizes of 1 to 2.5 Million m2. FLABEG, market leader of parabolic shaped mirrors and e.g. mirror supplier for all SEGS plants and most of the Spanish plants, has started the development of a new collector generation to serve the urgent market needs: lower cost and improved suitability for large solar fields. The new generation will utilize accordingly larger reflector panels and heat collection elements attended by advanced design, installation methods and control systems at the same time. The so-called ‘Ultimate Trough’ collector is showing an aperture area of 1’667 m2 (17’944 ft2), with an aperture width of 7.5 m (24.6 ft). Some design features are presented in this paper, showing how the new and huge dimensions could be realized without compromising stiffness, and bending of the support structure and improving the optical performance at the same time. Solar field layouts for large power plants are presented, and solar field cost savings in the range of 25% are disclosed.