Flex (United States)

Abstract Organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have attracted significant attention in the field of flexible electronics due to their low cost, light weight, long emission lifetime, and large Stokes shift. Although conventional strategies such as crystal engineering and host‐guest doping have proven effective for achieving RTP, these methods typically result in brittleness and fragility of organic materials, severely limiting their practical applications in flexible electronic devices. Therefore, it is imperative to develop organic RTP materials with high flexibility. This review focuses on the latest research progress in flexible organic RTP materials, covering two types of material systems: organic crystals and polymers. This review not only highlights the challenges in achieving mechanical flexibility of organic RTP materials, but also discusses strategies for developing high‐performance flexible organic RTP materials, facilitate practical applications of anti‐counterfeiting technologies, flexible displays, and bioimaging.

Introducing and stabilizing oxygen vacancies in the lattice of oxide support materials has been a huge challenge to boost the catalytic activity in redox reaction. Herein, we fabricate porous single-crystalline Nb2O5 monoliths at the centimeter scale, then we introduce the oxygen vacancies in lattice by reduction treatment and stabilize the oxygen vacancy defects by the ordered lattice. We then deposit Pt clusters at surface in the porous microstructures to construct an interfacial system and we show the significantly enhanced surface oxygen exchange coefficient. As a case study, we demonstrate the complete CO oxidation with air at 110 °C and 30,000 mL g-1 h-1 conditions, following the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, with no visible performance attenuation after a continuous operation of ~500 h. At 60,000 mL g-1 h-1 and 110 °C, the CO conversion rate decreases to 83.8% and ultimately remains 76.3% after 185 h of long-term operation.

Due to the benefits of using hydrogen energy, such as enhanced system reliability, reduced CO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions, and long term sustainability, the integration of hydrogen energy systems with power system sinmulti-energy microgrids (MEMGs) has attracted increasing research interest. The wide spread adoption of information and communication technologies has also increased the risk of cyber-attack son MEMGs. False data injection attacks (FDIAs), a common type of cyber attack, could falsify energy arbitrage commands, there by affecting these condary frequency regulation and degrading the power quality of the MEMG. These attacks not only affect the normal operations of the MEMG but also reduce its economic profit. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning-based adaptive resilient control scheme to coordinate the energy conversion between electricity and hydrogen to eliminate the frequency deviation and maximize daily total revenue. Unlike traditional optimization techniques, the propos d deep reinforcement learning-based approach enables real-time adaption to dynamic and adversarial conditions, allowing the system to learn optimal strategies and improve resilience against FDIAs. Case studies withreal-world data sets showthat as theattack injection level increasesfrom5%to20%, the proposed method maintains zero frequency deviation, with the total revenue decreasing by only 1.8%.

ABSTRACTOver the past 2 decades, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have significantly increased their reliance on migrant workers in lower‐skilled jobs within global supply chains (GSCs)—a phenomenon largely overlooked in global mobility scholarship. In this provocation paper, we aim to broaden the scope of traditional debates in this field by introducing the concept of human supply chains, originally coined by labor‐law scholar Jennifer Gordon (2017). We adapt and extend this concept to focus on MNEs as research targets, defining it through the policies and/or practices aimed at transnational labor recruitment, management, and retention applied to migrant workforces in their GSCs. We advocate for the need to engage with this critical topic in global mobility research and outline key pathways for future inquiry.

Controlling the propagation of light in the form of surface modes on miniaturized platforms is crucial for multiple applications. For dielectric multilayers that sustain Bloch surface waves at their interface to an isotropic dielectric medium, a conventional approach to manipulate them exploits shallow surface topographies fabricated on top of the truncated stack. However, such structures typically exhibit low index contrasts, making it challenging to confine, steer, and guide the Bloch surface waves. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a device for a Bloch surface wave platform that resonantly couples light from a cavity to a straight waveguide. The structure is designed using topology optimization in a 2D geometry under the effective index approximation. In particular, the cavity–waveguide coupling efficiency of the radiation emitted by an individual source in the cavity center is optimized. The cavity is experimentally found to exhibit a narrow resonant peak that can be tuned by scaling the structure. The waveguide is shown to guide only light that resonates in the cavity. Fully three-dimensional simulations of the entire device validate the experimental observations.

Atom spin sensors occupy a prominent position in the landscape of quantum technology, as they can combine precise measurements with appealing miniature packages that are crucial for many applications. In this work, we report on the design and realization of miniature silicon-wafer cells, with a double-chamber configuration and integrated heaters. The cells are tested by our systematically studying the dependence of the spin dynamics on the main pump parameters, temperature, and bias magnetic field. The results are benchmarked against centimeter-sized paraffin-coated cells, which allows optimization of the operating conditions of a radio frequency--driven atomic magnetometer. In particular, we observe that, when indirect optical pumping is performed on the two cells, an analogous line-narrowing mechanism appears in otherwise-very-different cell conditions. Competitive results are obtained, with magnetic resonance linewidths of roughly 300 Hz at the maximum signal-to-noise ratio, in a nonzero-magnetic-field setting, and in an atomic shot noise--limited regime.