Florida Department of Education

This national survey aimed to describe the work settings, characteristics, employment activities, scope, functions, and challenges of the pharmacist workforce responsible for infectious diseases (ID) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS)-related tasks in the U.S. An internet-based Qualtrics XM survey was distributed to 22,749 unique individuals with potential ID or AMS job responsibilities via email listservs for three national pharmacy organizations, and was open from 9/25/2024 to 10/24/2024. A respondent was considered engaged in ID/AMS activities if they reported involvement in at least one of 14 activities directly related to ID/AMS. A total of 796 pharmacists with ID or AMS job responsibilities responded (3.5% response rate), with 607 working clinically or administratively in ID or AMS further categorized in four mutually exclusive groups based on formal and informal ID/AMS responsibilities. Respondents were predominantly female (66%), less than 40 years of age (59%) and white (82%). ID-specific training was completed by 41.8%, and 74% reported having student loan debt at graduation. Work-related activities were diverse and most frequently included: staffing or taking calls on weekends related to ID/AMS, AMS, educating learners or healthcare providers about ID-related topics, precepting learners, and conducting ID-related research and/or quality improvement projects. Respondents frequently indicated they lacked adequate job resources. The results highlight the extensive responsibilities placed on ID/AMS pharmacists to fulfill multiple roles. Pharmacists frequently lack ID-specific training or dedicated time for AMS responsibilities. The workforce is young, suggesting a need for both increased capacity for training programs and strategies for workforce retention.

Introduction Rapid urbanization and land use changes have resulted in extensive road coverage, making roadsides increasingly important as critical landscapes that can support biodiversity. Pollinator-friendly roadsides offer ecological benefits, but public support is essential for their successful implementation. Despite this, adequate audience analyses to inform impactful public initiatives benefiting pollinators have not been conducted. This research study aimed to document public knowledge, perceptions, concerns, and information-seeking preferences regarding pollinator-friendly roadsides to guide future communication campaigns. Methods We conducted an initial, descriptive audience analysis using quota sampling to survey 1,011 Floridians. The survey measured four key areas: (1) knowledge, (2) perceptions, (3) concerns, and (4) preferred communication channels related to pollinator-friendly roadsides. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the findings. Results Respondents demonstrated relatively high perceived and actual knowledge of pollinator-friendly roadsides. Perceptions varied, with both positive and negative views of pollinator-friendly roadsides expressed. Ecological and environmental benefits were ranked as the most important characteristics, while safety concerns and increased expenses emerged as the most significant barriers. Preferred communication strategies included immersive experiences such as demonstration gardens at rest stops and road signage. Social media, particularly YouTube, was identified as the favored digital platform for learning about pollinator-friendly roadsides. Discussion Findings suggest that educational communications should emphasize ecological benefits while addressing safety and cost concerns and correcting misperceptions. Immersive roadside experiences combined with digital content can enhance public engagement. Future research should include message testing and apply behavioral theory to identify strategies for increasing public support for pollinator-friendly roadsides. Significant opportunities remain to conduct message testing and behavioral theory-based research to uncover ways to increase public support for pollinator-friendly roadsides.

This full research paper examines how a short 1.5-hour microelectronics workshop can influence students' experiential identity, interest, and self-efficacy in microelectronics, with a focus on gender composition in classroom settings. The microelectronics industry is critical to modern technologies, and the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 underscores the need for a diverse domestic workforce. However, women remain underrepresented in STEM fields, which may affect their educational experiences and long-term career persistence. Using a quasiexperimental design, this study explored two research questions: [RQ1] Can a short 1.5-hour microelectronics workshop influence participants' Experiential Identity, Interest, and Self-Efficacy in microelectronics? [RQ1.1] Is this influence differential for women and men? [RQ2] Does classroom composition affect the influence of the workshop on women's Experiential Identity, Interest, and Self-Efficacy in microelectronics? Thirty-three undergraduate students were randomly assigned to classrooms with varying gender composition. Results indicated overall improvements in experiential identity, interest, and self-efficacy, with the most significant gains among participants in classrooms with adequate female representation. In the Women-Represented (WR) classroom, women showed the largest increases in experiential identity (82.35%) and self-efficacy (50%), with a smaller positive change in interest <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(0.0089 \%)$</tex>. In the Mixed-Male-Represented (MMR) classroom, gains were more modest and there was no change in interest, suggesting peer composition matters. These findings align with Social Cognitive Career Theory, highlighting the importance of successful learning experiences in fostering self-efficacy and interest. The study demonstrates the value of short-term interventions and the role of gender composition in shaping equitable outcomes in microelectronics education.

Background: Assistive technology (AT) can support autistic adults in navigating employment-related challenges. However, limited research has explored autistic adults’ actual needs and experiences with AT in the workplace. Existing studies often overlook how well current AT solutions align with the real-world demands autistic adults face across the employment process. To address this gap, this study conducted a needs assessment to explore autistic adults’ perceived AT and AT service needs across employment stages, identify satisfaction and discontinuation patterns, and examine barriers and facilitators to effective use. Methods: A total of 501 autistic adults were recruited through an online crowdsourcing platform, Prolific. Participants completed a needs assessment that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and weighted needs scoring procedures. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative responses regarding satisfaction, discontinuation, and general reflections on AT use. Results: Job retention received the highest total weighted needs score, followed closely by skill development and job performance. Participants reported lower perceived needs for AT in the job development and placement domain. Qualitative findings revealed that AT was described as essential for daily functioning and independence, but barriers such as limited access, inadequate training, and social stigma affected use. Participants also emphasized the need for more person-centered and context-specific AT services. Conclusions: AT has the potential to significantly enhance employment outcomes for autistic adults. However, current services often lack personalization and alignment with real-world needs. Findings support the development of more inclusive, tailored, and accessible AT solutions across all employment stages.

Abstract Leviathan’s famous pronouncement that England had been ‘reduced to the Independency of the Primitive Christians’ has often been understood to signal support for the newly ascendant Cromwellian Independents in England. This article ventures an alternative reading of the passage by investigating the notion of ‘Independency’ with an eye to wider European political discourses. Scholars such as Francisco Suárez contended for the natural independence of temporal sovereigns while specifying the juridical rights and reach of imperial power. The fact that Christ and the Apostles had eschewed involvement in temporal affairs clarified this initial independency. This original state was especially important in French narratives aimed at securing autonomy against both empire and church. In light of this, Hobbes’s statement may be interpreted as endorsing a time-delimited notion of free conscience given England’s ruinous political state, but one looking forward to the unified rule of a sovereign with civil and ecclesiastical power.

Abstract Annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) poses significant challenges in managed turfgrass systems due to its adaptability and resilience. This study explores publicly available information on and performance of several organic or nonsynthetic herbicides for annual bluegrass control in turfgrass to address this issue. Through a keyword frequency analysis using Google and Google Scholar, the prevalence of organic weed control treatments was examined, revealing a significant association between search engines, key phrases, and weed management types and general dominance of synthetic herbicides despite phrases specifically targeted at organic options. Field assessments were conducted at 20 site years across four US states to evaluate the efficacy of 14 nonsynthetic herbicides for annual bluegrass control while considering turfgrass safety. Results indicate that nonsynthetic herbicides fail to provide long‐lasting control of annual bluegrass when applied once and injure turfgrass. The study highlights the challenges in achieving long‐term control of annual bluegrass, especially with nonsynthetic herbicides, which have limited effectiveness against established weeds. Cost and environmental considerations further complicate the adoption of organic or nonsynthetic weed management programs, despite their perceived environmental benefits. Overall, the research underscores the need for continued exploration of integrated weed management strategies, including targeted application methods, to address the complexities of annual bluegrass control in turfgrass systems.

The accelerated use of artificial intelligence in digital marketing, the possibilities of engaging with the consumer through providing individualized experiences have grown immensely. This research investigates the role of predictive factors in the enhancement of social media marketing strategies through a dataset that includes 300,000 campaigns spread out on Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest. The methods Ethical Considerations in the analysis include logistic regression, T-tests and ANOVA, which were used to analyze variations in conversion rates, back end audience targeting and the factors affecting success of the campaigns. The results indicate that advertising on Instagram for the younger demographic groups is also more effective than other forms of advertising because of the platform’s focus on engagement. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, biased algorithms, and legal compliance issues persist. Case studies of Amazon, Starbucks and Netflix show how collaborative filtering along with AI-based personalization methods increase user satisfaction and retention. The findings underscore the evil of customer abuse for coming up with marketing strategies and the role of ethical AI in sustainable advancement of marketing in digital space.

Surgical management of kidney stones in pregnancy can be a serious problem for both mother and fetus. A 20-year-old woman with a second trimester pregnancy presented to the emergency room with renal calculi. She required surgical intervention and a left nephrostomy tube after consultation with urology. Five weeks later, her tube was solidified in place unbeknownst to her care team. She required several surgeries, dealt with encrustation remnants, infections, radiation exposure, persistent infection requiring antibiotic management, and, ultimately, an early delivery at 37 weeks. At the time of writing, this was the first case to describe a stent encrustation remnant in pregnancy. This case illustrates the need for timely follow-up after interventional radiology procedures and the potential complications a pregnant patient can encounter with surgical interventions, such as a nephrostomy tube. This case highlights stone challenges that obstetricians, internists, urologists, and radiologists should be aware of when managing the most common nonobstetrical cause of admission in pregnancy.