Florida SouthWestern State College

Abstract This article uses the case of Fortune Ferguson, Jr to explore the creation and effects of the creation of a centralized justice system in Florida in the 1920s. This involved a 16-year-old Black teenager accused, convicted, and executed for rape in Florida in the mid-1920s. This represented the first person sentenced to die in the newly created electric chair in Florida’s state prison. The shift to the electric chair and state-run executions reflected a larger move by the legislature to remove criminal justice processes from the decentralized system that existed prior to 1923. This system vested significant authority in the community, local officials, and private contractors. But that system came under significant strain by the 1910s and 1920s. The shift to the electric chair and state executions emerged out of the larger critiques of the decentralized justice system. As such, this case reflects an effort to establish the authority of the new centralized system, as it was one of the first cases to be tried in it. The transition to state-run private executions was not as disadvantageous to local officials as scholars have suggested. Instead of framing the centralization of criminal justice processes as a competition between state and local criminal justice actors, the case of Fortune Ferguson provides insight into the collaborative efforts that occurred between state and local officials that augmented the authority of formal agents of criminal justice at both the state and local levels.

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are present in all domains of life. These proteins are responsible for binding unfolded proteins to prevent their aggregation. sHsps form dynamic oligomers of different sizes and constitute transient reservoirs for folding competent proteins that are subsequently refolded by ATP-dependent chaperone systems. In plants, the sHsp family is rather diverse and has been associated with the ability of plants to survive diverse environmental stresses. Nodulin 22 (PvNod22) is an sHsp of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) located in the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is expressed in response to stress (heat or oxidative) or in plant roots during mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis. In this work, we study its oligomeric state using a combination of in silico and experimental approaches. We found that recombinant PvNod22 was able to protect a target protein from heat unfolding in vitro. We also demonstrated that PvNod22 assembles into high-molecular-weight oligomers with diameters of ~15 nm under stress-free conditions. These oligomers can cluster together to form high-weight polydisperse agglomerates with temperature-dependent interactions; in contrast, the oligomers are stable regarding temperature.

The fuzzy logic controller and the fuzzification process was presented in this article by investigation to further develop the methods of the real-time control erect pendulum. The movement of the inverted pendulum has been described by the differential equations of the motion of the mass of the pendulum based on Newton’s Law. The cart motion strategy of the swinged-up pendulum was shown as the dependent on the work of the pendulum with the certain acceleration. The basic strategy of the motion of the pendulum is consisted of the energy consistently applied to the pendulum. The rules of the motion of the pendulum are utilized to generate the fuzzy controller. Two inputs of the fuzzy controller such as pendulum angle and pendulum angular velocity generated the output membership functions, which consists of the several fuzzy sets. The fuzzy rule base of the motion of the pendulum was developed to describe the relationship between the input variables and the output membership function.

Backround: Mechanical ventilation is associated with mortality/morbidities in preterm infants. Nearly a third of these infants fail extubation and this may increase morbidities. Objective: To evaluate the association of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus with failure of extubation among preterm infants. Methods: This was a retrospective study on preterm infants (birth weight <1,250 grams and gestational age ≥23weeks) born between January 2009 and December 2016, who were mechanically ventilated and extubated within the first 60 days of age. Results: 360 infants were evaluated, of these, 26% failed and 74% succeeded the initial extubation attempt. On adjusted analysis, symptomatic ductus was associated with an increased risk of extubation failure. Conclusion(s): Presence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus was associated with extubation failure. Further investigations are needed to establish whether screening for presence of ductus and treatment of the same, prior to extubation among these infants, improves chances of successful extubation and cardiorespiratory outcomes.

Maximizing animal wellbeing by minimizing drug-related side effects is a key consideration when choosing pharmaceutical agents for chemical restraint in nonhuman primates. One drug combination that may promote this ideology is butorphanol (27.3 mg/mL), azaperone (9.1 mg/mL), and medetomidine (10.9 mg/mL; BAM). Based on results from a pilot study, 2 doses of BAM (16 and 24 μL/kg IM) were compared in healthy, 3-y-old rhesus macaques. Physiologic parameters and anesthetic quality were assessed and recorded every 5 min. Experimental endpoints were established for hypoxemia (85% or less peripheral oxygen saturation with oxygen supplementation), pulse rate (80 bpm or less for 2 consecutive readings), mean arterial pressure (MAP; 50 mm Hg or less), and hypothermia (97 °F or less); if any endpoint was achieved, medetomidine was reversed by using atipamezole (0.22 mg/kg IM). Both BAM doses resulted in immobilization of all animals with no clinically significant differences between groups. All animals initially exhibited hypoxemia that resolved with oxygen supplementation. Regardless of dose, most macaques (71%) reached established experimental endpoints for bradycardia (62 to 80 bpm) or hypotension (44 to 50 mm Hg MAP). Given the results of this study, our recommendation regarding the use of 16- or 24-μL/kg BAM for immobilizing rhesus macaques is dependent on caution regarding cardiopulmonary parameters and the provision of supplemental oxygen.