Frutarom (Netherlands)

Beek (2016) argued that Rubus aetnicus Cupani ex Weston was the correct name of the taxon that was then called R. canescens DC., and which was previously known as R. tomentosus Borkh. Moreover, R. canescens was stated to be not identical with R. aetnicus, but rather a form of R. × collinus DC. Matzke‐Hajek (2016) raised objections to both statements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to thoroughly analyse both names and support this analysis with field work at the type localities and by DNA data. Despite the correspondence at the investigated conservative DNA loci, the investigation showed that the two species are morphologically different and must be conceived as separate taxa. According to the rules of the ICN, R. aetnicus, as the earliest available legitimate name, must be accepted as the correct name for R. tomentosus auct. non Borkh. There is no reason not to use the name R. aetnicus, which has not been commonly used until now. It is unambiguous, while any other name could cause confusion if it would be conserved. Other scientific names clarified in this study are R. aetnaeus Tornab. (= R. ulmifolius Schott), R. aetnensis Tornab. (= R. aetnicus) and R. argenteus Gmel.

ABSTRACTReading research suggests that script type and writing systems have a relationship with children’s ability to recognise letters, syllables and words. In Ethiopia, the scripts used for writing language differ by visual complexity and the psycholinguistic grain size of the script. The Ge’ez-script languages have alphasyllabic-based writing systems, while the Latin-script languages have phoneme-based writing systems. These differences in script and the differences in aspects of the writing system influence early reading acquisition. We exploited a large, regionally representative data set assessing a variety of early reading tasks in six Ethiopian languages to estimate the impact of script and aspects of writing system differences on early reading outcomes in the areas of letter identification, word reading, non-word decoding and story reading. We made comparisons between language outcomes using Ge’ez and Latin scripts, controlling for student background and school socio-economic status (SES). Additi...

The radio sky at frequencies below ∼30 MHz is virtually unobservable from Earth due to ionospheric disturbances and the opaqueness of the ionosphere below ∼10MHz, and also due to strong terrestrial radio interference. Deploying a radio observatory in space would open up this largely unexplored frequency band for science in astronomy, cosmology, geophysics, and space science. A Chinese-European team is proposing an ultra long wavelength (ULW) radio interferometer mission DSL (Discovering the Sky at the Longest Wavelengths). The proposed radio interferometer will be deployed in low-altitude lunar orbit, exploiting the radio quietness of the lunar far side. DSL will consist of a mother-spacecraft for data transport and control, plus eight small micro-satellites each equipped with three orthogonal dipoles. These satellites form a virtual distributed observatory with adjustable baselines, allowing different scientific observation strategies. The satellites are configured in a flexible quasi-linear array in nearly identical orbits, guaranteeing low relative drift rates. Short orbital periods and orbit precession ensure quick filling of the interferometric spatial frequency (u, v, w) space, enabling high quality imaging. The science themes considered for the DSL mission include pioneering studies of the unknown and exploratory science such as the search for signatures of the cosmological Dark Ages, complementing current (e.g. LOFAR) and future SKA telescope searches; full-sky continuum survey of discrete sources, including ultra-steep spectrum extragalactic sources, pulsars, and transients (galactic and extragalactic); full-sky map of continuum diffuse emission; solar-terrestrial physics, planetary sciences, and cosmic ray physics. The main frequency band covered is 1–30 MHz extending down to 0.1 MHz, and up to about 50 MHz for cross-referencing with ground-based instruments. DSL will support a variety of observational modes, including broad-band spectral analysis for Dark Ages, radio interferometric cross-correlations for imaging, and flexible raw data downlink capability. Data processing will be performed at radio astronomy science data centres in Europe and China.

Ruth Seldenrijk is 11 jaar directeur van de NPV, de Nederlandse Patientenvereniging. De vereniging is erg actief op het gebied van palliatieve zorg: “Voorstanders van euthanasie hebben zich uitgesloofd om de afgelopen decennia de meest gruwelijke sterfbedden onder de aandacht van het grote publiek te brengen. Daarin is men, vanuit hun perspectief, behoorlijk succesvol geweest. Het is tijd voor een tegengeluid.”

The emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride yields a PVC latex which, after drying and deagglomeration consists in spherically shaped particles of very low porosity ranging from 0.5 to a few microns in size. They are called dispersion resins. When mixed under moderate shear into an oil (plasticizer), they form pastes, usually called plastisols. Stringent control of the particle size of the latex at the polymerization stage is necessary in order to control the rheological properties of the plastisol essential for subsequent conversion into finished articles. The incidence of the particle size distribution on the viscosity of the plastisols has been reported in the literature (1,2,3); it is well admitted that the viscosity of dispersed systems depends on the packing efficiency of the polymer particles and hence on the amount of plasticizer remaining to dilute the dispersion once the interparticles’ voids have been filed (4). Generally, finer particle size resins yield higher viscosity and dilatancy (shear rate thickening). In order to reduce these effects mixture of dispersion resins and blending resins are used.

Abstract A fast and sensitive gas chromatographic procedure for the control of moisture in chlorinated hydrocarbons at the ppm level is described. The basic features are a combination of two types of polyaromatic beads as column packing, locally produced hydrogen as carrier gas, and a backflushing system. The latter reverses the carrier gas flow after elution of the water peak at increased pressure. The instrument is thus readied for subsequent analyses at intervals of 2–3 min. The system can be used for moisture analyses in most gases and liquids. It is particularly applicable where a large number of samples have to be checked continually and instant results are required.