Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality

The Xiamen Bay area is frequently impacted by typhoons and is characterized by a complex hydrodynamic environment. The combined action of waves, currents, and storm surges threatens the construction of the Third Eastern Link. Traditional design methods often overlook the correlations among hydrological variables, potentially leading to overestimated design standards. To address this issue, we developed a high-accuracy multi-driver hydrodynamic numerical model for Xiamen Bay. A high-resolution dataset of waves, currents, and storm surges spanning nearly 20 years was established. Based on the Copula function, a trivariate joint probability distribution of wave–current–storm surge was constructed. The results indicate that the Gamma distribution is the most suitable marginal distribution for the individual variables, and the Clayton Copula function best captures the dependence structure among the three variables. For the same return period, the design values of wave height, current velocity, and water level obtained using the Copula method are lower than those derived using traditional standard methods. The research findings can provide a more scientific and economical design basis for the Third Eastern Link project and serve as a reference for multivariate joint probability modeling in similar sea areas.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103151.].

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of atmospheric‐pressure concentration (APC), vacuum concentration (VAC), and freeze‐concentration (FC) methods on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and flavor profile of Anoectochilus roxburghii juice. The results indicated that after concentration, APC caused the most significant color change in A. roxburghii juice (ΔE = 3.06), while FC was best at retaining the original color (ΔE = 0.45). However, FC juice showed a lower clarification index, indicating better stability. Additionally, the pH value decreased in all groups after concentration. The pH of the normal pressure group dropped from 5.33 to 5.18, representing the most significant reduction. Meanwhile, FC juice exhibited over 85% preservation rates for both total flavonoids and total phenolics, with only a 2.37% loss of kinsenoside. This performance was significantly superior to that of the VAC and APC juices. Different concentration methods all resulted in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of A. roxburghii juice, with FC juice showing the lowest degree of antioxidant capacity loss. Its total antioxidant capacity was 1.49 μmol/mL, with a retention rate of 97.98%. This retention rate was 9.97% and 14.37% higher than that of the VAC group and the APC group, respectively. In contrast, electronic tongue analysis detected elevated bitterness (response value > 8.30) and astringency (5.97) in APC juice compared to the other groups. The taste profiles of VAC and FC juices closely aligned, whereas APC processing resulted in a significant divergence from FS. Therefore, our findings provide theoretical insights for optimizing A. roxburghii juice processing methodologies.

This paper presents an adjustable CMOS voltage reference that achieves a low temperature coefficient (TC) through a novel curvature-compensation technique. The design employs thin/thick-gate NMOS and PMOS pairs to generate complementary voltages (ΔVGS and ΔVSG) with opposing second-order curvature. Dynamically scaling ΔVGS via a programmable k-coefficient and summing with ΔVSG enables output adjustability and low TC. Implemented in 180 nm CMOS, post-layout simulations show 0.5-0.95 V output range with average TC of 5 ppm/°C (best) to 15 ppm/°C (worst) from -40°C to 125°C. The circuit consumes 456.5 nA at 27°C and achieves -51 dB PSRR (@100 Hz).

The study aimed to assess the influence of diverse solvent schemes on the qualitative analysis of white tea and to establish a more comprehensive quality evaluation. A systematic study of solvent optimization was carried out using the quality analysis of white tea as an exemplar, highlighting the critical role of selecting appropriate solvents in NMR-based sample preparation process. Six sample dissolution protocols, encompassing extraction and reconstitution solvents, were evaluated. The aqueous methanol solution proved effective as an extraction solvent, offering optimal metabolite coverage and spectral resolution. For reconstitution solvents, D2O facilitated identification of specific metabolites, such as amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates, while DMSO-d6 exhibited better performance in detecting catechins, alkaloids and lipid resonances. Additionally, DMSO-d6 enabled better discrimination among various white tea varieties, whereas D2O system demonstrated better ability for estimating the storage duration of white tea. The characteristic metabolites were exactly those that each of the two solvents is suited to solubilize. Therefore, it can be concluded that solvents suitable for the detection of a class of metabolites are more likely to highlight differences in that type of metabolites and multi-solvent combination captures more comprehensive information, revealing the necessity of optimizing solvent protocols for different assay targets.

ABSTRACTThe marine environment with high humidity and salinity poses higher requests on the service life of traditional polymer coatings therefore, various fillers have been developed for modification. Smart coatings built by fillers that possesses passive barrier and active self‐healing properties show considerable prospects in metal protection. Herein, we applied a novel dual‐loading strategy to design tannic acid (TA) decorating hydroxyapatite (HAp)/zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) loading 2‐amino benzothiazole (2‐ABT) composite fillers. The epoxy coating (EP) doped with ABT@ZIF8‐HAp@TA (AZHT/EP) presented hydrophobicity and improved mechanical performance on Q215 steel. Moreover, the |Z|f=0.01Hz of AZHT/EP after immersion in saline water for 28 days (6.24 × 1010 Ω•cm2) is higher than pure EPs with two magnitudes. The anticorrosion mechanism of the AZHT/EP was proposed based on the analysis of corrosion products. To conclude, the dual‐loading strategy has considerable potential in designing smart coatings for corrosion protection in harsh environments.