Fujisawa Institute of Technology High School

The increasing of the signaling technology motivated the research community to find alternative solutions to replace the sequential computing systems. These systems reached their limits, and it became an infeasible choice to manage the computational grand challenges. Thereby, many types of research have been conducted to improve a system with special characteristics able to cope with the new technology. Massively parallel computer (MPC) systems have been emerged to solve the complex computing challenges in parallel and concurrently. The performance of these systems is affected by the structure of the underlying interconnection network. Therefore, many designs of interconnection networks topologies have been presented looking for an optimal one. In this paper, we present the architecture of MMN which is a hierarchical interconnection network. The static and dynamic performance parameters of MMN have been evaluated in previous studies, and it provided good results compared to the conventional interconnection network topologies. This paper will focus on evaluating and determining the static cost-effective parameter of MMN which is the product of the relation between the node degree, network diameter, wiring complexity, and the total number of nodes in each network.

Minimal DIstance MEsh with Wrap-around links (Midimew) connected Mesh Network (MMN) is a hierarchical interconnection network consists of several Basic Modules (BM), where the BM is a 2D-mesh network and the higher level network is a midimew network. In this paper, we present the architecture of MMN and evaluate the number of long wires, length of a long wire, and the total length for the long wire of MMN, TESH, and torus networks. It is shown that the proposed MMN possesses simple structure and moderate wire length. The long wire length of MMN is slightly higher than TESH network and far lower than that of 2D torus network. Overall performance suggests that, MMN is a good choice for future generation massively parallel computers.

This study was conducted by consecutively transplanting spleens, which had gonads implanted previously. A total of 84 cases for infantile testicles and 106 cases for ovarian follicles were performed. In the case of ovarian implants, the results were determined by the total number of follicle implants. A modified spleen transplantation technique called double implantation of ovarian follicles was applied to increase the amount of the implants. In this technique, an extra spleen is implanted into the potential donor so that the ovarian follicles can be implanted to two different spleens, doubling the amount of implants. Through consecutive spleen transplantation, we observed the results beyond a typical rat's life span. In many of these cases, we found more aggressive forms of malignant tumor, seminoma and dysgerminoma. We present the results and discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms of tumor formation.

The purpose of the present prospective observational study was to assess whether or not the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in unselected first ischemic stroke patients is associated with adverse outcome. Consecutive patients (n = 300; mean age 64 years; 48% males) presenting with a first acute ischemic stroke were evaluated for IgG aCL and were systematically followed up. During a median follow-up of 21 months, 58 patients (19%) died. Mortality rates were higher in patients with aCL >20 IgG phospholipid units (GPL) [33 vs. 18%; relative risk (RR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–3.67; p = 0.042] or >40 GPL (40 vs. 19%; RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.05–5.75; p = 0.037). Elevated aCL did not confer an increased risk during follow-up of a combined end point of stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death or of nonfatal thrombo-occlusive events. Rates of malignancy detected during follow-up were higher among patients with aCL >20 GPL (19 vs. 5%, p = 0.007) and >40 GPL (27 vs. 6%, p = 0.01). The excess mortality associated with elevated aCL was eliminated after adjustment for age, cardiovascular risk factors and malignancy. These results demonstrate that aCL above 20–40 GPL among consecutive ischemic stroke patients is a marker of increased mortality during follow-up, but older age and higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors and malignancy detected during follow-up account for the higher mortality.

In nonprimates, organ allografts are often not rejected after withdrawal of immunosuppression. In this study, we examined whether such a phenomenon also occurs in primates. Vervet monkeys were transplanted with renal allografts and treated for 60 days with tacrolimus, or tacrolimus plus sirolimus. The drugs were totally withdrawn on day 61. The survival of the monkeys was monitored, and their response to donor- or third party-derived alloantigens was examined in vivo and in vitro. The majority (80-100%) of the grafts survived for at least additional 30 days with no signs of acute rejection. The compromised rejection is donor-specific, because recipient monkeys failed to reject a donor-derived skin graft, but a third-party skin graft was rejected. In vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction and interleukin-2 production in the mixed lymphocyte reaction between the recipients and their donors or between the recipients and a third party had no discernable patterns, and thus did not reflect the in vivo status of the immune system. Although the recipients could not reject the graft acutely after drug withdrawal, the kidney grafts and the donor-derived skin grafts had pathological findings of chronic rejection. The rejection response of the monkeys to an established graft after withdrawal of immunosuppression is compromised. The compromised rejection is specific and is not due to a permanent alteration of the immune system by the initial drug treatment. The allografts are not inert but have low levels of interaction with the recipient immune system.

Abstract The algorithms for pattern recognition systems considering the observation cost from the viewpoint of the system, can be re duced to the problems of stopping rule in which we must determine when the observation should be stopped. As the stopping rule in the Bayesian pattern recognition, methods based on DP search first given by K. S. Fu et al. is known to be the optimum in the sense of the minimum risk. A problem in those methods is that an exponential amount of data must be stored in memory for each observation stage, which is hard to realize. This paper discusses the new class of stopping rules, where the optimum thresholds based on a posteriori probability are chosen for each pattern and for each stage. the proposed method is not applicable to the problem where the patterns have strong correlations in the observed values along each dimension, but it can realize almost the same performance from the viewpoint of the minimum risk, while eliminating the number of parameters to be stored. the method also provides a model for the conventional method to set the border for the likelihood ratio when the a priori probabilities of the patterns are distributed uniformly.

Abstract This paper considers the chaotic phenomena in a family of three‐dimensional autonomous circuits composed of R, L, C, ‐R (linear negative resistor) and one diode. First, a canonical equation is proposed which describes such a family of circuits. It is a piecewise‐linear equation containing one large parameter α. When a is sufficiently large, an idealization applies where the diode is regarded as a switch. This idealiza tion is valid theoretically. the equation is simplified to a system where the two‐ and three‐dimensional linear equations alternate. the one‐dimensional Poincaré mapping can be defined. the one‐dimensional mapping is formulated explicitly. the generation condition for the chaos is presented in the sense of Li‐Yorke. the condition is verified by an experiment corresponding to a circuit example for chaos generation.

Features of high energy nuclear interactions around TeV are studied by means of a balloon‐borne emulsion chamber with jet producer. Experimental results are compared with the monte‐carlo simulation assuming the inclusive distributions of the parent π0(η0) mesons and the observation conditions of secondary γ ‐rays detected with the chamber.The quantities concerning the mean multiplicity, the angular distribution, the transverse momentum spectrum and the fractional energy spectrum of the produced particles were derived through the monte‐carlo simulation. The results were compared with those of accelerator experiments. They show that the mean transverse momentum of π0 ‐mesons grows slowly with incident energy. They also indicate the appreciable increase of multiplicity and the scaling breakdown faster than logS in the central region, resulting the gradual steepning of the fractional energy spectrum in the same region. The distribution of the invariant mass of two γ ‐rays, Mγγ, also indicate the appreciable production of η0 mesons compared with the simulation.