Fundación Atapuerca

Abstract There are very few treatment options against infections caused by multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa , especially when even the activity of colistin is compromised. Here, the synergy between propionate and colistin is reported: at sub-inhibitory concentrations (0.2%), propionate diminished the colistin minimal inhibitory concentration of four colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, from values indicative of resistance (4–8 µg/mL), down to 1 µg/mL, in checkerboard experiments. Propionate had no effect upon other resistance phenotypes (meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin) present in these isolates. Propionate exposure had mixed effects upon several putative virulence phenotypes: biofilm formation, swarming and pyocyanin production, increasing them in some, diminishing or without effect in others. Although reaching plasma concentrations of propionate as high as 0.2% seems unlikely, the topical application of highly concentrated solutions or ointments has been used before, opening the possibility of propionate-colistin co-treatment of skin infections. While there is a risk of enhancing the virulence of surviving microorganisms, the lack of better options against pan-resistant P. aeruginosa infections may warrant the clinical testing of this co-treatment.

Who the first inhabitants of Western Europe were, whattheir physical characteristics were, and when and where they lived are some of the pending questions in the study of the settlement of Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene epoch. The available palaeoanthropological information from Western Europe is limited and confined to the Iberian Peninsula1,2. Here we present most of the midface of a hominin found at the TE7 level of the Sima del Elefante site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), dated to between 1.4 million and 1.1 million years ago. This fossil (ATE7-1) represents the earliest human face of Western Europe identified thus far. Most of the morphological features of the midface of this hominin are primitive for the Homo clade and they do not display the modern-like aspect exhibited by Homo antecessor found at the neighbouring Gran Dolina site, also in the Sierra de Atapuerca, and dated to between 900,000 and 800,000 years ago3. Furthermore, ATE7-1 is more derived in the nasoalveolar region than the Dmanisi and other roughly contemporaneous hominins. On the basis of the available evidence, it is reasonable to assign the new human remains from TE7 level to Homo aff. erectus. From the archaeological, palaeontological and palaeoanthropological information obtained in the lower levels of the Sima del Elefante and Gran Dolina sites4-8, we suggest a turnover in the human population in Europe at the end of the Early Pleistocene.

La Fundación Nuestros Jóvenes (FNJ) nació en 1998 como organización no gubernamental dedicada a mejorar las condiciones de vida de poblaciones vulnerables. En 2018, para atender a la población en movilidad forzada, abrió una casa de acogida temporal, alrededor de la cual articuló otros proyectos para garantizar una intervención integral. Desde entonces, implementó un programa humanitario que incluye la atención de menores de edad, la promoción de una adecuada nutrición de las familias, varias opciones para la integración socioeconómica y los servicios de un centro integral de prevención y atención de violencia basada en género que operaba 3 años antes. Para elaborar este artículo, se efectuó un análisis documental de todas las iniciativas de la FNJ y se verificó información a través de entrevistas a sus personeros. El artículo presenta los resultados del programa humanitario de la FNJ, así como importantes lecciones aprendidas al atender a población en movilidad forzada y trabajar por sus derechos humanos y su inclusión social y económica. Su objetivo principal fue difundir el trabajo, favorecer su réplica y escalamiento, y convocar a la sociedad civil a incrementar su solidaridad y colaboración con la población vulnerable. Se concluye que, aunque hasta el momento la gestión de la FNJ se ha financiado mayoritariamente con recursos propios es imperativo contar con líneas sostenibles de asistencia técnica y financiera estatales y externas que apoyen las labores de organizaciones de la sociedad civil, así como políticas públicas que faciliten sus tareas, especialmente porque se enfocan en poblaciones vulnerables como aquella en movilidad humana.

Los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) son los ejes en torno a los cuales se articulan las desigualdades sociales en salud. El estudio de dichas diferencias entre grupos sociales resulta fundamental para el abordaje de las inequidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue estudiar las aportaciones realizadas en la investigación sobre el efecto de los DSS en la salud o sus factores intermedios en la población española desde el año 2010 hasta 2021. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria de la literatura. Dos revisores ciegos realizaron la búsqueda, cribado e inclusión de los artículos (50). La mayoría de los artículos incluidos fueron estudios transversales (70%) y revisiones (12%). La información extraída se agrupó en cada uno de los DSS: lugar de residencia (5 artículos), raza/etnia/origen (9), ocupación (3), sexo/género (4), nivel educativo (7), estatus socioeconómico (15), capital social/apoyo social (1) y diversidad afectivo-sexual y de género (6). Los desenlaces en salud más reportados fueron la salud mental (40%) y el estado autopercibido de salud (30%). Los resultados coinciden con la literatura publicada: a mayor desventaja social en cualquiera de los DSS se hallaron peores resultados en salud, siendo estos peores cuando se superponían varios ejes de desigualdad. Esta revisión puede haber incurrido en varios sesgos, entre los que están el de publicación y el de selección. La investigación futura sobre los DSS debe adoptar un enfoque interseccional que permita una mejor comprensión de los ejes sobre los que actúan las desigualdades.

Recent research has significantly improved our knowledge about the foundation of the Roman city of Barcino (Barcelona, Spain). However, while these studies have collected some encouraging evidence for a late-Republican chronology, the Augustan chronology traditionally granted to this foundation (around B.C. 10) has not been questioned at all. This article aims to analyse old and new literary, epigraphic, topographic, architectural, and archaeological data, to recover the Caesarean chronology (around B.C. 45-44), which was previously defended from the middle of the 19th century through to the end of the 1970s, and to draw from this study some more general historical conclusions on the process of the romanization of Catalonia.

The analysis of the available databases related to HIV/AIDS confirms a paradigm shift in the patient's life expectancy: now HIV has become a chronic disease, so patients are aging. However, this advance is accompanied by a negative counterpart: due to the increase in the number of years of life gained, there is a prevalence of comorbidities greater than the general population and at an earlier age. Reducing the risk associated with all the comorbidities that the ageing patient with HIV/AIDS may develop, must now be a health objective; it must be added to the traditional objectives that until now were part of the strategy to reduce the impact of the HIV infection. In the specific case of women, it is also necessary to train peri and postmenopausal women to increase their skills and motivation to care for their health; It is also very important to examine the role that hormone replacement therapy can play in reducing their symptoms.

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe concept of indirect costs – or productivity losses to both patients and their informal caregivers arising from an illness – started to gain more importance two decades ago with the intention of strengthening cost estimates prior to evaluating, which historically was performed only with direct cost data.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the methodological differences in estimating productivity costs in studies of cancer diseases, as well as providing an updated and comprehensive overview of the worldwide relevance of productivity costs of cancer.MethodsThe study is conducted using a systematic literature review.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 332 articles. After removing those not meeting eligibility criteria or duplicities, 27 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. It is observed that the weight of cost productivity is noticeable; in several cases, it may represent over 50% of the total. The most common method of estimation is the Human Capital method. However, certain heterogeneity is observed in the method of estimating, as well as in the resultant figures.ConclusionsMore efforts are needed to standardize calculations and allow for real comparisons between countries.