Fundación Chile

The objective of this talk is to present the findings of a four-year study conducted with transhumant Andean communities in the Huemules de Niblinto - Laguna Laja Biological Corridor in northern Patagonia, Chile. The research has focused on documenting the material culture of the herders and the biocultural routes from the disciplines of design and social sciences, as a device for ancestral knowledge that links collective memory traced from science, or as pointed out by Melgarejo et al. (2023, #), processes of cosmo/science and inter/scientific practices in dialogue, thus their conceptions of nature and its interrelationships.The research has developed an archival and narrative inventory that has been divided into three areas of knowledge: the cosmos (orientation through the stars and geological elements); the route (herbalism, GIS, KMZ); and matter (properties acquired by artisanal materials through laboratory test results), in an exercise to systematize the interdependence between the human and non-human environment in a rugged mountain context that provides solutions to contemporary problems such as generational change or the mitigation of the human footprint in mountain environments, highlighting the role of transhumant communities as witnesses to change.The proposal includes the presentation of methodological tools used and adapted to the context, which have the value of being replicable when engaging in transdisciplinary dialogue with local knowledge as a means of reconnecting with nature, projecting the co-creation of fair and biodiverse futures from the perspective of the heritage of communities rooted in the landscape; To paraphrase Ingold (2012), this is an attentive way of being in the world and thus also of responding to it, recovering the relational dimension of knowledge and understanding that artifacts and routes are not just things or traces, but living networks that safeguard local indigenous knowledge for the regeneration and protection of mountain ecosystems.Transhumance, Bioculturality, Interrelationality, Ancestral Science

The study evaluates the elemental composition, oral acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic potential of Heteroctenus junceus scorpion venom. The elemental composition was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and HPLC-MS/MS. The acute oral toxicity test was assessed in mice at 300 and 2000mg/kg. The in vivo micronucleus test was conducted in mice treated with three scorpion venom doses (10, 100, and 1000mg/kg). Meanwhile, the in vitro micronucleus test was conducted in TK6 cells treated with three scorpion venom doses (1.25, 2.5, and 5mg/mL). The Ames test followed the OECD guidelines, and various scorpion venom concentrations (0.16, 0.32, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5mg/mL) were used. The elemental analysis of scorpion venom reveals the lowest amino acid and elemental composition levels compared to other species. An LD50 value greater than 2000mg/kg was obtained in the oral acute toxicity test with transient pathophysiological effects in the liver, lung, and kidney at 300 and 2000mg/kg. The in vitro micronucleus test showed that the negative control and scorpion venom concentrations did not induce micronuclei in TK6 cells. Meanwhile, the in vivo micronucleus test showed an increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and a dose-dependent decrease in erythrocyte count only at doses higher than 100mg/kg. The Ames reverse mutation test did not show an increase in revertant colonies in the scorpion venom-treated groups compared to the negative control. H. junceus venom has a low toxicological potential.

Abstract Global restoration targets often rely on restoration prioritization maps that highlight areas with high ecological potential, yet real‐world implementation frequently diverges due to land tenure, governance and local socio‐economic conditions. Following a large‐scale forest fire in 2017 that burned over 500,000 ha, Chile's Ministry of Environment designated 270,677 ha as priority zones for landscape restoration in the Maule Region of central Chile. Using this context as a case study, we show how smallholders play a decisive role in shaping where and how restoration actually occurs on‐the‐ground. A comparison with official records and field data from 1922 ha of forest restoration implemented between 2017 and 2024 reveals a clear disconnect: only 12.7% of this restored area overlapped with the 270,677 ha designated by the government as priority zones. Instead, 87% of the total restored area occurred on lands owned by private smallholders, even though they collectively own only about one‐fifth of the total land within these priority zones. To bridge the gap between model‐driven prioritization and real‐world conditions, we propose three practical steps: (i) integrate land tenure and governance into spatial planning, (ii) redesign incentives to support smallholders and (iii) adopt adaptive, co‐produced frameworks. Refining outreach and incentives for corporate and state landholders is also key to broader engagement. Synthesis and applications . Chile's experience highlights that smallholders are not refining top‐down restoration priorities; they are revealing where restoration is actually feasible. They restore in places where tenure, logistics and livelihoods align, exposing the existing limitations of widely used prioritization models and clarifying where restoration can realistically occur. Recognizing the role of smallholders in driving and sustaining restoration efforts can strengthen the legitimacy, feasibility and long‐term success of large‐scale restoration efforts. Empowering landowners is essential to closing the gap between ambitious global targets and effective local action.

Este artículo examina los orígenes históricos del seviche peruano, contextualizándolo dentro de latradición global del consumo de pescado crudo. A través de la revisión de fuentes arqueológicas y escritas,se argumenta que, aunque el consumo de pescado crudo fue una práctica común en los Andes prehispánicosy persistió durante el Virreinato, no existen evidencias documentales que vinculen directamente estasprácticas con la preparación específica del seviche. Las primeras referencias escritas al seviche aparecenrecién en el siglo XIX, coincidiendo con el proceso de consolidación de una identidad nacional peruana enel contexto republicano temprano. Se analizan ingredientes, formas de preparación y espacios de consumo,revelando un plato mestizo en constante transformación. Finalmente, se plantea que el seviche es unacreación culinaria peruana del siglo XIX, cuya inscripción como símbolo patrimonial refleja tanto su historiacomo los procesos sociopolíticos que lo convirtieron en emblema nacional.

La disponibilidad financiera da el sustento que guía el derrotero de los objetivos organizacionales, lo que se ve condicionado cuando existen restricciones presupuestarias, haciendo imperativo el generar medidas para el uso efectivo de los recursos, adaptándose la organización para su propia subsistencia.

El combate moderno, caracterizado por la alta velocidad y la saturación de amenazas, exige una toma de decisiones rápida y precisa. El proceso TEWA es fundamental para la supervivencia de la fuerza. Este artículo analiza uno de sus problemas principales, el WTA, mediante el uso de herramientas de optimización. Se comparó un método exacto (MILP) con una heurística, demostrando que, si bien existe un gap del 9.7%, el primero requiere un tiempo de cómputo 137 veces mayor. Identificando que las heurísticas ofrecen un equilibrio más práctico para la toma de decisiones en tiempo real.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de criterios Blue Flag en Playa Paraíso y Puerto Engabao, con el objetivo de identificar brechas críticas y oportunidades que permitan fortalecer la gestión turística sostenible en el territorio. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis comparativo de los criterios de Blue Flag en ambas playas, considerando dimensiones clave como la calidad del agua, la gestión ambiental, los servicios y la infraestructura turística, la seguridad, así como los procesos de educación y sensibilización ambiental. Para ello, se emplearon técnicas de observación directa, entrevistas a actores locales vinculados a la actividad turística y una revisión sistemática de documentos técnicos relacionados con la gestión costera. Los resultados evidenciaron que Playa Paraíso alcanzó un nivel de cumplimiento del 17,6 %, mientras que Puerto Engabao obtuvo un 21,2 %. En ambos casos, el criterio más deficitario fue la calidad del agua, debido a la ausencia de monitoreos microbiológicos regulares que permitan garantizar condiciones sanitarias adecuadas. Asimismo, se identificaron limitaciones asociadas a la infraestructura básica, la señalización, la accesibilidad y la existencia de planes de emergencia. No obstante, se reconocieron esfuerzos de la comunidad en acciones de limpieza y actividades de educación ambiental, aunque estos se desarrollan de manera aislada y sin una estrategia articulada. En síntesis, los hallazgos reflejaron que, pese al compromiso de ciertos actores locales, las iniciativas existentes carecen de respaldo institucional y de mecanismos de gobernanza que aseguren su continuidad y efectividad.

This paper examines a recent form of literary representation of troubled memory based on the aesthetics of fantasy and horror. Initially, I set the stage for the analysis by recapitulating different forms of remembering the traumatic past in Latin American literature. The second part of the article is devoted to a comparative study of the novel The Twilight Zone (2016) by the Chilean writer Nona Fernández and a short story by the Argentine writer Mariana Enríquez titled ‘Angelita Unearthed,’ from the collection of short stories The Dangers of Smoking in Bed (2009). Authors of the younger generation, in response to the criticism of the so-called testimonial literature, which until recently has been the dominant form of narrating the traumatic past, are reaching for new forms of expression, including fantasy and horror aesthetics. My research methodology focuses on the idea of the monster in its broadest sense. I examine how different variations of this classic motif, such as zombies or gremlins, are employed in the texts of the two authors. I also discuss the role of the Frankenstein metaphor in the novel The Twilight Zone and explore new — often metaphorical or allegorical — meanings of these terms in relation to socio-political issues. The article aims to demonstrate that the aesthetics of horror and fantasy become an alternative to realistic prose, offering a stronger expression of the trauma of dictatorship.

El presente trabajo analiza la importancia del marketing educativo como una herramienta estratégica para fortalecer la sostenibilidad financiera de las universidades mexicanas. En un contexto caracterizado por la disminución de apoyos gubernamentales, el aumento de la competencia y las nuevas exigencias tecnológicas y sociales, las instituciones requieren implementar estrategias que les permitan diversificar sus fuentes de financiamiento y consolidar su posicionamiento. Se destaca que la procuración de fondos se ha convertido en un componente esencial para complementar los ingresos tradicionales. Estrategias como el fundraising, los programas de alumni, el networking, los convenios con empresas, las campañas de donativos y los eventos institucionales contribuyen a generar recursos adicionales y fortalecer las relaciones con los diferentes grupos de interés. Asimismo, el uso del storytelling permite comunicar de manera efectiva la misión, el impacto social y los logros institucionales, generando confianza y motivando la participación de la comunidad. El estudio resalta que el marketing educativo no se limita a la promoción académica, sino que impulsa la identidad institucional, mejora la reputación y favorece la construcción de vínculos duraderos con aliados estratégicos. Para lograr una sostenibilidad financiera sólida, se requiere combinar estrategias innovadoras, un manejo transparente de los recursos y una visión centrada en la responsabilidad social y la colaboración. En conjunto, estas acciones permiten fortalecer la calidad educativa, impulsar el crecimiento institucional y asegurar la permanencia de las universidades en el largo plazo.